feat(python): expose zonemap segment builds

python/python/lance/dataset.py

@@ -3074,6 +3074,14 @@ def _prepare_scalar_index_request(
         else:
             raise Exception("index_type must be str or IndexConfig")
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_segment_native_scalar_index_type(
+        index_type: Union[str, IndexConfig],
+    ) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(index_type, IndexConfig):
+            index_type = index_type.index_type
+        return index_type.upper() in {"BTREE", "BITMAP", "ZONEMAP"}
+
     def create_scalar_index(
         self,
         column: str,
@@ -3291,7 +3299,9 @@ def create_scalar_index(
             column, index_type, kwargs
         )
 
-        if fragment_ids is not None and logical_index_type in {"BTREE", "BITMAP"}:
+        if fragment_ids is not None and self._is_segment_native_scalar_index_type(
+            logical_index_type
+        ):
             raise ValueError(
                 f"{logical_index_type} distributed indexing uses "
                 "create_index_uncommitted(..., "
@@ -4003,8 +4013,8 @@ def create_index_uncommitted(
         """
         Create one segment without publishing it and return its metadata.
 
-        This is the public distributed-build API for vector, BTREE scalar,
-        and canonical bitmap scalar index construction. Unlike
+        This is the public distributed-build API for vector index construction
+        and BTREE, canonical BITMAP, and ZONEMAP scalar segment construction. Unlike
         :meth:`create_index`, this method does not publish the index into the
         dataset manifest. Instead, it writes one segment under
         ``_indices/<segment_uuid>/`` and returns the resulting
@@ -4049,11 +4059,8 @@ def create_index_uncommitted(
         Index
             Metadata for the segment that was written by this call.
         """
-        is_scalar_segment_request = (
-            isinstance(index_type, str) and index_type.upper() in {"BTREE", "BITMAP"}
-        ) or (
-            isinstance(index_type, IndexConfig)
-            and index_type.index_type.upper() in {"BTREE", "BITMAP"}
+        is_scalar_segment_request = self._is_segment_native_scalar_index_type(
+            index_type
         )
         if is_scalar_segment_request:
             if fragment_ids is None:

python/python/tests/test_scalar_index.py

@@ -4008,6 +4008,71 @@ def test_bitmap_uncommitted_segments_can_be_committed_from_python(tmp_path):
     )
 
 
+def test_zonemap_segment_merge_and_commit_from_python(tmp_path):
+    ds = generate_multi_fragment_dataset(
+        tmp_path, num_fragments=4, rows_per_fragment=40
+    )
+
+    index_name = "id_zonemap_segments"
+    fragment_ids = [fragment.fragment_id for fragment in ds.get_fragments()]
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="create_index_uncommitted"):
+        ds.create_scalar_index(
+            column="id",
+            index_type="ZONEMAP",
+            fragment_ids=[fragment_ids[0]],
+        )
+
+    staged_segments = [
+        ds.create_index_uncommitted(
+            column="id",
+            index_type="ZONEMAP",
+            name=index_name,
+            fragment_ids=[fragment_id],
+        )
+        for fragment_id in fragment_ids
+    ]
+
+    assert len({segment.uuid for segment in staged_segments}) == len(staged_segments)
+    for segment, fragment_id in zip(staged_segments, fragment_ids):
+        files = segment.files
+        assert files is not None
+        assert segment.fragment_ids == {fragment_id}
+        assert any(file.path == "zonemap.lance" for file in files)
+        assert all(not file.path.startswith("part_") for file in files)
+
+    merged_segment = ds.merge_existing_index_segments(staged_segments)
+    merged_files = merged_segment.files
+    assert merged_files is not None
+    assert merged_segment.uuid not in {segment.uuid for segment in staged_segments}
+    assert merged_segment.fragment_ids == set(fragment_ids)
+    assert any(file.path == "zonemap.lance" for file in merged_files)
+    assert all(not file.path.startswith("part_") for file in merged_files)
+
+    ds = ds.commit_existing_index_segments(index_name, "id", [merged_segment])
+    descriptions = {index.name: index for index in ds.describe_indices()}
+    assert descriptions[index_name].index_type == "ZoneMap"
+    assert len(descriptions[index_name].segments) == 1
+
+    filter_expr = "id >= 20 AND id < 90"
+    without_index = ds.scanner(
+        filter=filter_expr,
+        columns=["id", "text"],
+        use_scalar_index=False,
+    ).to_table()
+    with_index = ds.scanner(
+        filter=filter_expr,
+        columns=["id", "text"],
+        use_scalar_index=True,
+    ).to_table()
+
+    assert with_index.num_rows == without_index.num_rows
+    assert with_index["id"].to_pylist() == without_index["id"].to_pylist()
+    assert (
+        "ScalarIndexQuery"
+        in ds.scanner(filter=filter_expr, use_scalar_index=True).explain_plan()
+    )
+
+
 def test_merge_index_metadata_btree_soft_break(tmp_path):
     ds = generate_multi_fragment_dataset(
         tmp_path, num_fragments=2, rows_per_fragment=100