Improve port conflict detection and resolution across Core and apps

[mdegat01]

Proposed change

This PR improves Supervisor handling of port conflicts between Home Assistant Core, apps, and plugins.

Main improvements:

• Add proactive and runtime conflict detection paths for Core and apps.
• Improve Core startup conflict handling so app conflicts always create repair issues, while only active app conflicts attempt stop/abort behavior.
• Expand app options port validation against currently used host bindings.
• Add new resolution checks/fixup for app port conflicts (app_port_conflict, app_port_conflict_core, clear_port_config).
• Add broad test coverage for API behavior, Core startup conflict handling, app start/restart conflict behavior, and host port binding synthesis/parsing.

Type of change

• Dependency upgrade
• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (which adds functionality to the supervisor)
• Breaking change (fix/feature causing existing functionality to break)
• Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests

Additional information

• This PR fixes or closes issue: fixes #
• This PR is related to issue:
• Link to documentation pull request:
• Link to cli pull request:
• Link to client library pull request:

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Local tests pass. Your PR cannot be merged unless tests pass
• There is no commented out code in this PR.
• I have followed the development checklist
• The code has been formatted using Ruff (ruff format supervisor tests)
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works.

If API endpoints or add-on configuration are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated for developers.home-assistant.io
• CLI updated (if necessary)
• Client library updated (if necessary)

[mdegat01]

Ok to facilitate review a bit, about half the changeset here is new tests.

Of the production code changeset, the reason every single check and fixup is in here is because I needed a new field in Suggestion and Issue. reference wasn't enough, I needed both the app and the particular port so I added reference_extra. This is why needs-client-library and missing-documentation are added since there's API changes due to this.

This also meant changing CheckBase and FixupBase so all descendents needed modifications. Only checks/app_port_conflict, checks/app_port_conflict_core, and fixups/app_clear_port_config need review of those. The others just had to update a signature but there's no runtime change.

Other changes outside of resolution do need review though as they are the core of this work. Sorry it ended up so big.