Update balena engine to v25.0.14

[klutchell]

Balena engine v25 requires Go 1.23+. OE-Core skipped 1.23 entirely
(scarthgap=1.22, walnascar=1.24), so we adopt the upstream-validated
walnascar Go 1.24.6 recipes rather than hand-rolling untested 1.23
patches.

This release removes support for aufs to overlay migration.

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generic-aarch64 binary sizes

• /usr/bin/balena-engine is 51,724,928 bytes (~49.3 MiB).

  • Size: 51,724,928 bytes (49.3 MB)
  • Blocks: 101,032 (512-byte blocks)

• /usr/bin/balena-engine in generic-aarch64-6.12.1-v17.6.3.img: 46,930,320 bytes (~44.8 MiB)

Image	Size	Delta
generic-aarch64-6.12.1-v17.6.3.img	46,930,320 bytes (44.8 MiB)	—
balena.img	51,724,928 bytes (49.3 MiB)	+4.8 MiB (+10.2%)

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Device CI Runs

Raspberry Pi 5

https://github.com/balena-os/balena-raspberrypi/actions/runs/23509631407
https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/2086169/releases/3973707/summary
balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.10.24-1774386961231+rev3

Raspberry Pi 4 (64-bit)

1. https://github.com/balena-os/balena-raspberrypi/actions/runs/23544936579
   https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/1520936/releases/3975396/summary
   balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.10.24-1774451131517+rev3

2. https://github.com/balena-os/balena-raspberrypi/actions/runs/23912572572
   https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/1520936/releases/3993567/summary
   balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.12.3-1775172682413

Raspberry Pi 3 (32-bit)

1. https://github.com/balena-os/balena-raspberrypi/actions/runs/23545071329
   https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/1520929/releases/3975288/summary
   balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.10.24-1774449316688+rev3

2. https://github.com/balena-os/balena-raspberrypi/actions/runs/23759759474
   https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/1520929/releases/3985989/summary
   balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.10.24-1774901221084+rev4

IOT-GATE-iMX8PLUS 2G-4G DRAM

https://github.com/balena-os/balena-iot-gate-imx8plus/actions/runs/23509998923
https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/2025310/releases/3973585/summary
balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.11.11-1774384416873+rev2

Generic AARCH64

https://github.com/balena-os/balena-generic/actions/runs/23511274177
https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/1520901/releases/3973901/summary
balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.12.1-1774396298472

Generic x84-64 GPT

https://github.com/balena-os/balena-generic/actions/runs/23511283788
https://dashboard.balena-cloud.com/apps/1956990/releases/3973775/summary
balena device os-update <uuid> --version 6.12.1-1774389671255

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Contributor checklist

• Changes have been tested
  • Covered in automated test suite
  • Manual test case recorded
• Change-type present on at least one commit
• Signed-off-by is present
• The PR complies with the Open Embedded Commit Patch Message Guidelines

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[flowzone-app]

Website deployed to CF Pages, 👀 preview link https://b7c7e519.balena-os.pages.dev