feat(rust/sedona-raster-zarr): cloud storage backends (s3, gcs, azure, http) via object_store

Cargo.toml

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ wkb = "0.9.2"
 wkt = "0.14.0"
 zarrs = { version = "0.23", default-features = false }
 zarrs_filesystem = "0.3"
+zarrs_object_store = "0.5"
 
 # Workspace path dependencies for internal crates
 sedona = { version = "0.4.0", path = "rust/sedona" }

python/sedonadb-zarr/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,5 +29,8 @@ doc = false
 
 [dependencies]
 arrow-array = { workspace = true, features = ["ffi"] }
+object_store = { workspace = true, features = ["aws", "http"] }
 pyo3 = { version = "0.25.1" }
 sedona-raster-zarr = { workspace = true }
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["rt"] }
+url = { workspace = true }

python/sedonadb-zarr/src/lib.rs

@@ -20,13 +20,32 @@
 //! Python-side `ZarrFormatSpec`.
 
 use std::ffi::CString;
-use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, OnceLock};
 
 use arrow_array::ffi_stream::FFI_ArrowArrayStream;
+use object_store::ObjectStore;
 use pyo3::exceptions::{PyRuntimeError, PyValueError};
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use pyo3::types::PyCapsule;
-use sedona_raster_zarr::ZarrChunkReader;
+use sedona_raster_zarr::{open_storage_from_uri, ZarrChunkReader};
+use tokio::runtime::{Builder, Runtime};
+use url::Url;
+
+/// Process-wide tokio runtime backing the sync Python FFI bridge.
+///
+/// `ZarrChunkReader::try_new` is async, but the Python constructor is sync
+/// by contract, so we `block_on` here. Building a runtime per reader is
+/// wasteful; one shared runtime serves every open in the package. `next()`
+/// on the returned reader is pure CPU and never touches this runtime.
+fn shared_runtime() -> &'static Runtime {
+    static RUNTIME: OnceLock<Runtime> = OnceLock::new();
+    RUNTIME.get_or_init(|| {
+        Builder::new_current_thread()
+            .enable_all()
+            .build()
+            .expect("build sedonadb-zarr tokio runtime")
+    })
+}
 
 /// Single-use `__arrow_c_stream__` wrapper around `ZarrChunkReader`.
 #[pyclass]
@@ -39,7 +58,19 @@ impl PyZarrChunkReader {
     #[new]
     #[pyo3(signature = (uri, arrays=None, batch_size=8192))]
     fn new(uri: &str, arrays: Option<Vec<String>>, batch_size: usize) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let reader = ZarrChunkReader::try_new(uri, arrays.as_deref(), batch_size)
+        let store =
+            default_object_store_for_uri(uri).map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(e.to_string()))?;
+        let storage =
+            open_storage_from_uri(uri, store).map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(e.to_string()))?;
+        // The crate's async-native loader exposes `try_new` as an
+        // `async fn`; the Python FFI is a sync constructor by contract,
+        // so we bridge by blocking on the shared package runtime.
+        // `next()` on the returned reader is pure CPU and stays synchronous.
+        let arrays_ref = arrays.as_deref();
+        let reader = shared_runtime()
+            .block_on(ZarrChunkReader::try_new(
+                storage, uri, arrays_ref, batch_size,
+            ))
             .map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(e.to_string()))?;
         Ok(Self {
             inner: Mutex::new(Some(reader)),
@@ -70,6 +101,73 @@ impl PyZarrChunkReader {
     }
 }
 
+/// Build an `Arc<dyn ObjectStore>` for `uri` using env-var credential
+/// discovery, per scheme. This is the temporary bridge that lets the
+/// Python FFI work without going through `con.read_format`; it
+/// reaches into `AWS_*` environment variables via the `object_store`
+/// per-backend `Builder::from_env` helpers.
+///
+/// Only the schemes exercised by the crate's tests are wired up (`s3`,
+/// `http`/`https`); `gcs`/`azure` are intentionally omitted until there
+/// is coverage for them.
+///
+/// **Slated for removal.** When the host wheel surfaces
+/// `args.src.store` to `open_reader` via the `FFI_ObjectStore`
+/// capsule machinery (in progress — see
+/// <https://github.com/apache/sedona-db/pull/890>), this function (and
+/// the `object_store` `aws`/`http` features that back it)
+/// gets deleted — the store will arrive credentialed from the host's
+/// `ObjectStoreRegistry` and `PyZarrChunkReader::new` will extract it
+/// from the capsule instead. For `file://` and bare paths the
+/// returned store is a no-op placeholder; the loader uses
+/// `FilesystemStore` directly for the local case.
+fn default_object_store_for_uri(uri: &str) -> Result<Arc<dyn ObjectStore>, PyErr> {
+    // file:// and bare paths use a LocalFileSystem rooted at `/`;
+    // open_storage_from_uri prefixes it at the group's path. This
+    // matches the store the host's ObjectStoreRegistry yields for
+    // file://, so the loader treats local and cloud uniformly.
+    if uri.starts_with("file://") || !uri.contains("://") {
+        return Ok(Arc::new(object_store::local::LocalFileSystem::new()));
+    }
+    let url = Url::parse(uri)
+        .map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(format!("group URI {uri:?} is not a valid URL: {e}")))?;
+    match url.scheme().to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+        "s3" => {
+            use object_store::aws::AmazonS3Builder;
+            let store = AmazonS3Builder::from_env()
+                .with_url(uri)
+                .build()
+                .map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(build_err("s3", uri, e)))?;
+            Ok(Arc::new(store))
+        }
+        "http" | "https" => {
+            use object_store::http::HttpBuilder;
+            // open_storage_from_uri applies the path as a PrefixStore,
+            // so the HttpStore must be rooted at scheme+authority only
+            // — unlike S3, HttpBuilder roots at whatever URL it's given,
+            // so hand it the authority without the path.
+            let authority = format!("{}://{}", url.scheme(), url.authority());
+            let store = HttpBuilder::new()
+                .with_url(authority)
+                .build()
+                .map_err(|e| PyValueError::new_err(build_err("http", uri, e)))?;
+            Ok(Arc::new(store))
+        }
+        other => Err(PyValueError::new_err(format!(
+            "unsupported Zarr URI scheme {other:?}; expected one of: \
+             file, s3, http, https"
+        ))),
+    }
+}
+
+fn build_err(backend: &str, uri: &str, err: object_store::Error) -> String {
+    format!(
+        "failed to build {backend} object_store for {uri}: {err}. \
+         Provide credentials via standard environment variables \
+         (e.g. AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID/AWS_REGION for s3)."
+    )
+}
+
 #[pymodule]
 fn _lib(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
     m.add_class::<PyZarrChunkReader>()?;

rust/sedona-raster-zarr/Cargo.toml

@@ -36,14 +36,21 @@ arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
 datafusion-common = { workspace = true }
 futures = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
+object_store = { workspace = true }
 sedona-common = { workspace = true }
 sedona-raster = { workspace = true }
 sedona-schema = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
-zarrs = { workspace = true, features = ["filesystem", "gzip", "zstd", "blosc", "crc32c", "sharding", "transpose"] }
-zarrs_filesystem = { workspace = true }
+tokio = { workspace = true }
+url = { workspace = true }
+zarrs = { workspace = true, features = ["async", "gzip", "zstd", "blosc", "crc32c", "sharding", "transpose"] }
+zarrs_object_store = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+object_store = { workspace = true, features = ["aws", "http"] }
 tempfile = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["macros", "rt-multi-thread"] }
+# Test fixtures write Zarr groups to a temp dir; the loader itself
+# reads everything through object_store, so this is dev-only.
+zarrs_filesystem = { workspace = true }

rust/sedona-raster-zarr/src/lib.rs

@@ -33,3 +33,4 @@ mod loader;
 mod source_uri;
 
 pub use loader::ZarrChunkReader;
+pub use source_uri::open_storage_from_uri;