feat: add SubscriptionUserDataProvider hook for BalanceStrategy

balance_strategy.go

@@ -57,6 +57,28 @@ type BalanceStrategy interface {
 	AssignmentData(memberID string, topics map[string][]int32, generationID int32) ([]byte, error)
 }
 
+// SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy is an optional extension of
+// BalanceStrategy that lets a strategy inject per-cycle metadata into the
+// ConsumerGroupMemberMetadata UserData field on each JoinGroup. When a
+// strategy implements this interface, Sarama invokes SubscriptionUserData
+// immediately before each JoinGroup, passing the member's currently subscribed
+// topics, and uses the returned bytes as the UserData for that strategy's
+// subscription metadata in place of the statically configured
+// Consumer.Group.Member.UserData.
+//
+// On a non-nil error Sarama logs the error and falls back to the statically
+// configured UserData; the JoinGroup is not failed. On a nil error the
+// returned slice is used verbatim, including empty and nil slices.
+//
+// This mirrors Java's ConsumerPartitionAssignor.subscriptionUserData and
+// enables load-aware assignors that report fresh observations (e.g., CPU,
+// lag, latency) to the group leader on every rebalance cycle.
+type SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy interface {
+	BalanceStrategy
+
+	SubscriptionUserData(topics []string) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // NewBalanceStrategyRange returns a range balance strategy,

consumer_group.go

@@ -477,18 +477,13 @@ func (c *consumerGroup) joinGroupRequest(coordinator *Broker, topics []string) (
 		}
 	}
 
-	meta := &ConsumerGroupMemberMetadata{
-		Topics:   topics,
-		UserData: c.userData,
-	}
-	var strategy BalanceStrategy
-	if strategy = c.config.Consumer.Group.Rebalance.Strategy; strategy != nil {
-		if err := req.AddGroupProtocolMetadata(strategy.Name(), meta); err != nil {
+	if strategy := c.config.Consumer.Group.Rebalance.Strategy; strategy != nil {
+		if err := req.AddGroupProtocolMetadata(strategy.Name(), c.subscriptionMetadata(strategy, topics)); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		for _, strategy = range c.config.Consumer.Group.Rebalance.GroupStrategies {
-			if err := req.AddGroupProtocolMetadata(strategy.Name(), meta); err != nil {
+		for _, strategy := range c.config.Consumer.Group.Rebalance.GroupStrategies {
+			if err := req.AddGroupProtocolMetadata(strategy.Name(), c.subscriptionMetadata(strategy, topics)); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 		}
@@ -497,6 +492,31 @@ func (c *consumerGroup) joinGroupRequest(coordinator *Broker, topics []string) (
 	return coordinator.JoinGroup(req)
 }
 
+// subscriptionMetadata builds the ConsumerGroupMemberMetadata for a single
+// strategy in a JoinGroup request. If the strategy implements
+// SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy, its SubscriptionUserData hook is invoked
+// to obtain per-cycle UserData; on error the statically configured
+// Consumer.Group.Member.UserData is used and the error is logged.
+func (c *consumerGroup) subscriptionMetadata(strategy BalanceStrategy, topics []string) *ConsumerGroupMemberMetadata {
+	if p, ok := strategy.(SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy); ok {
+		userData, err := p.SubscriptionUserData(topics)
+		if err == nil {
+			return &ConsumerGroupMemberMetadata{
+				Topics:   topics,
+				UserData: userData,
+			}
+		}
+		Logger.Printf(
+			"falling back to static user data for strategy %q consumergroup/%s: %v\n",
+			strategy.Name(), c.groupID, err,
+		)
+	}
+	return &ConsumerGroupMemberMetadata{
+		Topics:   topics,
+		UserData: c.userData,
+	}
+}
+
 // findStrategy returns the BalanceStrategy with the specified protocolName
 // from the slice provided.
 func (c *consumerGroup) findStrategy(name string, groupStrategies []BalanceStrategy) (BalanceStrategy, bool) {

consumer_group_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package sarama
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -252,3 +253,87 @@ func TestConsumerShouldNotRetrySessionIfContextCancelled(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err = c.retryNewSession(ctx, nil, nil, 1024, true)
 	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
 }
+
+// strategyWithSubscriptionUserData wraps a BalanceStrategy and adds a
+// SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy implementation that returns the
+// configured data/error. It also records the topics it was invoked with so
+// tests can assert per-cycle invocation.
+type strategyWithSubscriptionUserData struct {
+	BalanceStrategy
+	data   []byte
+	err    error
+	called [][]string
+}
+
+func (s *strategyWithSubscriptionUserData) SubscriptionUserData(topics []string) ([]byte, error) {
+	s.called = append(s.called, slices.Clone(topics))
+	return s.data, s.err
+}
+
+func TestSubscriptionMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	staticUserData := []byte("static")
+	topics := []string{"my-topic"}
+
+	t.Run("strategy without provider uses static user data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &consumerGroup{userData: staticUserData}
+		meta := c.subscriptionMetadata(NewBalanceStrategyRange(), topics)
+		assert.Equal(t, topics, meta.Topics)
+		assert.Equal(t, staticUserData, meta.UserData)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provider returning bytes overrides static user data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &consumerGroup{userData: staticUserData}
+		strategy := &strategyWithSubscriptionUserData{
+			BalanceStrategy: NewBalanceStrategyRange(),
+			data:            []byte("per-cycle"),
+		}
+		meta := c.subscriptionMetadata(strategy, topics)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte("per-cycle"), meta.UserData)
+		assert.Equal(t, [][]string{topics}, strategy.called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provider returning nil clears static user data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &consumerGroup{userData: staticUserData}
+		strategy := &strategyWithSubscriptionUserData{
+			BalanceStrategy: NewBalanceStrategyRange(),
+			data:            nil,
+		}
+		meta := c.subscriptionMetadata(strategy, topics)
+		assert.Nil(t, meta.UserData)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provider returning empty slice clears static user data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &consumerGroup{userData: staticUserData}
+		strategy := &strategyWithSubscriptionUserData{
+			BalanceStrategy: NewBalanceStrategyRange(),
+			data:            []byte{},
+		}
+		meta := c.subscriptionMetadata(strategy, topics)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte{}, meta.UserData)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provider returning error falls back to static user data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &consumerGroup{userData: staticUserData}
+		strategy := &strategyWithSubscriptionUserData{
+			BalanceStrategy: NewBalanceStrategyRange(),
+			data:            []byte("ignored"),
+			err:             errors.New("boom"),
+		}
+		meta := c.subscriptionMetadata(strategy, topics)
+		assert.Equal(t, staticUserData, meta.UserData)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("each strategy in GroupStrategies receives its own user data", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &consumerGroup{userData: staticUserData}
+		s1 := &strategyWithSubscriptionUserData{
+			BalanceStrategy: NewBalanceStrategyRange(),
+			data:            []byte("from-s1"),
+		}
+		s2 := &strategyWithSubscriptionUserData{
+			BalanceStrategy: NewBalanceStrategyRoundRobin(),
+			data:            []byte("from-s2"),
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte("from-s1"), c.subscriptionMetadata(s1, topics).UserData)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte("from-s2"), c.subscriptionMetadata(s2, topics).UserData)
+	})
+}

examples/README.md

@@ -17,3 +17,7 @@ Basic example to use a producer interceptor that produces [OpenTelemetry](https:
 #### Exacly-once transactional paradigm
 
 [exactly_once](./exactly_once) Basic example to use a transactional producer that produce consumed message from some topics within a Kafka transaction. To ensure transactional-id uniqueness it implement some **_ProducerProvider_** that build a producer using current message topic-partition.
+
+#### Load-aware sticky consumer
+
+[consumer_load_aware](./consumer_load_aware) demonstrates the `SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy` interface: a `LoadAwareSticky` strategy wraps the built-in sticky assignor and injects a fresh load sample (CPU%, in-flight count) into each JoinGroup's subscription metadata.

examples/consumer_load_aware/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Load-aware sticky consumer example
+
+This example demonstrates the `sarama.SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy` interface
+(see issue [#3505](https://github.com/IBM/sarama/issues/3505)). A
+`LoadAwareSticky` strategy wraps the built-in sticky assignor and injects a
+fresh `LoadSample` (CPU percent, in-flight count, lag) into the member's
+JoinGroup subscription metadata on every rebalance cycle.
+
+`Plan` and `AssignmentData` are delegated unchanged to the sticky strategy;
+this example deliberately keeps the assignor logic simple to focus on the
+per-cycle metadata hook. A production load-aware assignor would also implement
+its own `Plan` and decode each member's `UserData` on the leader to weight the
+assignment.
+
+## Run
+
+```bash
+$ go run . -brokers="127.0.0.1:9092" -topics="sarama" -group="example"
+```
+
+## Files
+
+- `load_aware_sticky.go` — the wrapper strategy that implements
+  `SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy`.
+- `main.go` — minimal consumer group runner that wires the strategy in via
+  `Config.Consumer.Group.Rebalance.GroupStrategies`.

examples/consumer_load_aware/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+module github.com/IBM/sarama/examples/consumer_load_aware
+
+go 1.25.0
+
+require github.com/IBM/sarama v1.46.3
+
+require (
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/eapache/go-resiliency v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/eapache/queue v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/jcmturner/aescts/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jcmturner/dnsutils/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jcmturner/gofork v1.7.6 // indirect
+	github.com/jcmturner/gokrb5/v8 v8.4.4 // indirect
+	github.com/jcmturner/rpc/v2 v2.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.26 // indirect
+	github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics v0.0.0-20250401214520-65e299d6c5c9 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.50.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.53.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0 // indirect
+)
+
+replace github.com/IBM/sarama => ../../

examples/consumer_load_aware/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
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examples/consumer_load_aware/load_aware_sticky.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/sarama"
+)
+
+// LoadSample is the per-cycle load observation that a member reports to the
+// group leader as part of its JoinGroup subscription metadata. The schema is
+// versioned so the leader can reject samples it does not understand.
+type LoadSample struct {
+	Version    int     `json:"v"`
+	CPUPercent float64 `json:"cpu"`
+	InFlight   int     `json:"in_flight"`
+	LagMillis  int64   `json:"lag_ms"`
+}
+
+// LoadObserver returns a fresh sample of the local member's current load.
+// Implementations should be cheap to call: it runs on every JoinGroup cycle.
+type LoadObserver func() LoadSample
+
+// LoadAwareSticky wraps the built-in sticky balance strategy and reports a
+// fresh LoadSample to the group leader on every JoinGroup. It implements
+// sarama.SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy; assignment logic is delegated unchanged
+// to NewBalanceStrategySticky, which keeps this example focused on the
+// per-cycle metadata hook rather than on a custom assignor.
+//
+// A real load-aware assignor would also implement sarama.BalanceStrategy.Plan
+// itself, decode each member's UserData on the leader, and weight the
+// assignment by the reported load.
+type LoadAwareSticky struct {
+	sarama.BalanceStrategy
+	observe LoadObserver
+}
+
+// NewLoadAwareSticky returns a load-aware wrapper around the sticky strategy.
+// The observe callback is invoked once per JoinGroup; its return value is
+// JSON-serialized into the member's subscription UserData.
+func NewLoadAwareSticky(observe LoadObserver) *LoadAwareSticky {
+	return &LoadAwareSticky{
+		BalanceStrategy: sarama.NewBalanceStrategySticky(),
+		observe:         observe,
+	}
+}
+
+// SubscriptionUserData satisfies sarama.SubscriptionUserDataBalanceStrategy. The
+// topics argument is the member's currently subscribed topic set, supplied by
+// sarama immediately before the JoinGroup is sent.
+func (s *LoadAwareSticky) SubscriptionUserData(_ []string) ([]byte, error) {
+	sample := s.observe()
+	if sample.Version == 0 {
+		sample.Version = 1
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(sample)
+}