feat: [AI-1799] support uv/uvx via corecommand mode and dbtExecutablePath

[ralphstodomingo]

Summary

• Add dbt.dbtExecutablePath setting for custom dbt binary path (e.g. uvx wrapper script)
• Route corecommand integration mode to DBTCoreCommandDetection (CLI-based dbt --version check instead of python -c "import dbt")
• Skip Python path validation for CLI-based modes (corecommand, cloud, fusion)

Context

Closes #1799 — Users running dbt via uv/uvx have no persistent .venv on disk. The extension's Python-based dbt detection always fails. With this change, users set:

{
  "dbt.dbtIntegration": "corecommand",
  "dbt.dbtExecutablePath": "/path/to/bin/dbt"
}

Where the wrapper script calls uvx --python 3.12 --with "dbt-snowflake" --from "dbt-core" dbt "$@".

Depends on: AltimateAI/altimate-dbt-integration#41

Test plan

• npx tsc --noEmit passes
• npx webpack --mode development succeeds
• Docker E2E with uv-managed dbt project
• Verify no regression for core mode (default Python-based detection still works)

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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• Commit unit tests in branch feat/1799-uv-support

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