From 56f4d4233442b908e9e188a76dc96d6b89a1d0ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philip Kannegaard Hayes <philiphayes9@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 18:44:24 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] deps: use serde_core directly

`bcs` only uses proc-macro serde derives in tests. We can reduce compile
times by using `serde_core` directly, which only exports the core serde
traits.
---
 Cargo.toml          | 3 ++-
 src/de.rs           | 4 +++-
 src/error.rs        | 2 +-
 src/ser.rs          | 2 +-
 src/test_helpers.rs | 4 +++-
 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index b03ad53..f3bda98 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
 thiserror = "1.0.37"
-serde = { version = "1.0.145", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_core = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = "0.3.6"
 proptest = "0.10.1"
 proptest-derive = "0.2.0"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "bcs_bench"
diff --git a/src/de.rs b/src/de.rs
index 08534a2..d9b42ff 100644
--- a/src/de.rs
+++ b/src/de.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
-use serde::de::{self, Deserialize, DeserializeOwned, DeserializeSeed, IntoDeserializer, Visitor};
+use serde_core::de::{
+    self, Deserialize, DeserializeOwned, DeserializeSeed, IntoDeserializer, Visitor,
+};
 use std::{convert::TryFrom, io::Read};
 
 /// Deserializes a `&[u8]` into a type.
diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index 80d567b..315abc3 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) The Diem Core Contributors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-use serde::{de, ser};
+use serde_core::{de, ser};
 use std::{fmt, io::ErrorKind};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
diff --git a/src/ser.rs b/src/ser.rs
index 9bd42ce..64618ce 100644
--- a/src/ser.rs
+++ b/src/ser.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
-use serde::{ser, Serialize};
+use serde_core::{ser, Serialize};
 
 /// Serialize the given data structure as a `Vec<u8>` of BCS.
 ///
diff --git a/src/test_helpers.rs b/src/test_helpers.rs
index 8f361e5..7c564cd 100644
--- a/src/test_helpers.rs
+++ b/src/test_helpers.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright (c) The Diem Core Contributors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+use serde_core::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
+
 pub fn assert_canonical_encode_decode<T>(t: T)
 where
-    T: serde::Serialize + serde::de::DeserializeOwned + std::fmt::Debug + PartialEq,
+    T: Serialize + DeserializeOwned + std::fmt::Debug + PartialEq,
 {
     let bytes = crate::to_bytes(&t).unwrap();
     let s: T = crate::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap();

From 63dd305f5398571d30a30a226830855616f17ff9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philip Kannegaard Hayes <philiphayes9@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 18:54:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] deps: remove thiserror, impl Error manually
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Before:

```
$ cargo tree --edges build,normal
bcs v0.1.6 (/home/phlip9/dev/bcs)
├── serde v1.0.228
│   ├── serde_core v1.0.228
│   └── serde_derive v1.0.228 (proc-macro)
│       ├── proc-macro2 v1.0.106
│       │   └── unicode-ident v1.0.24
│       ├── quote v1.0.45
│       │   └── proc-macro2 v1.0.106 (*)
│       └── syn v2.0.117
│           ├── proc-macro2 v1.0.106 (*)
│           ├── quote v1.0.45 (*)
│           └── unicode-ident v1.0.24
└── thiserror v1.0.69
    └── thiserror-impl v1.0.69 (proc-macro)
        ├── proc-macro2 v1.0.106 (*)
        ├── quote v1.0.45 (*)
        └── syn v2.0.117 (*)

$ rm -rf /tmp/cargo-target && taskset -c 3 cargo build --target-dir /tmp/cargo-target --lib
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 7.89s
```

After:

```
$ cargo tree --edges build,normal
    Updating crates.io index
bcs v0.1.6 (/home/phlip9/dev/bcs)
└── serde_core v1.0.228

$ rm -rf /tmp/cargo-target && taskset -c 3 cargo build --target-dir /tmp/cargo-target --lib
   Compiling serde_core v1.0.228
   Compiling bcs v0.1.6 (/home/phlip9/dev/bcs)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.38s
```
---
 Cargo.toml   |  3 +--
 src/error.rs | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index f3bda98..ab89337 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"
 edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
-thiserror = "1.0.37"
-serde_core = { version = "1", default-features = false }
+serde_core = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = "0.3.6"
diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index 315abc3..b443058 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -3,46 +3,62 @@
 
 use serde_core::{de, ser};
 use std::{fmt, io::ErrorKind};
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 pub type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Error, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Error {
-    #[error("unexpected end of input")]
     Eof,
-    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
     Io(String),
-    #[error("exceeded max sequence length: {0}")]
     ExceededMaxLen(usize),
-    #[error("exceeded max container depth while entering: {0}")]
     ExceededContainerDepthLimit(&'static str),
-    #[error("expected boolean")]
     ExpectedBoolean,
-    #[error("expected map key")]
     ExpectedMapKey,
-    #[error("expected map value")]
     ExpectedMapValue,
-    #[error("keys of serialized maps must be unique and in increasing order")]
     NonCanonicalMap,
-    #[error("expected option type")]
     ExpectedOption,
-    #[error("{0}")]
     Custom(String),
-    #[error("sequence missing length")]
     MissingLen,
-    #[error("not supported: {0}")]
     NotSupported(&'static str),
-    #[error("remaining input")]
     RemainingInput,
-    #[error("malformed utf8")]
     Utf8,
-    #[error("ULEB128 encoding was not minimal in size")]
     NonCanonicalUleb128Encoding,
-    #[error("ULEB128-encoded integer did not fit in the target size")]
     IntegerOverflowDuringUleb128Decoding,
 }
 
+impl std::error::Error for Error {}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Eof => f.write_str("unexpected end of input"),
+            Self::Io(err) => write!(f, "I/O error: {err}"),
+            Self::ExceededMaxLen(len) => write!(f, "exceeded max sequence length: {len}"),
+            Self::ExceededContainerDepthLimit(ty) => {
+                write!(f, "exceeded max container depth while entering: {ty}")
+            }
+            Self::ExpectedBoolean => f.write_str("expected boolean"),
+            Self::ExpectedMapKey => f.write_str("expected map key"),
+            Self::ExpectedMapValue => f.write_str("expected map value"),
+            Self::NonCanonicalMap => {
+                f.write_str("keys of serialized maps must be unique and in increasing order")
+            }
+            Self::ExpectedOption => f.write_str("expected option type"),
+            Self::Custom(msg) => f.write_str(msg),
+            Self::MissingLen => f.write_str("sequence missing length"),
+            Self::NotSupported(msg) => write!(f, "not supported: {msg}"),
+            Self::RemainingInput => f.write_str("remaining input"),
+            Self::Utf8 => f.write_str("malformed utf8"),
+            Self::NonCanonicalUleb128Encoding => {
+                f.write_str("ULEB128 encoding was not minimal in size")
+            }
+            Self::IntegerOverflowDuringUleb128Decoding => {
+                f.write_str("ULEB128-encoded integer did not fit in the target size")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<std::io::Error> for Error {
     fn from(err: std::io::Error) -> Self {
         if err.kind() == ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof {

From 6ca5804b2d7bb2fe4f4904f1ee726ff9eeb35f99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philip Kannegaard Hayes <philiphayes9@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2026 14:26:05 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] msrv: 1.56 -> 1.61, fix CI

In theory we should be able to support an MSRV of `1.56`. Unfortunately this
entry in `serde_core`'s Cargo.toml seems to confuse Cargo into adding
`serde_derive` into the lock file, which only has a compatible MSRV of `1.61`.

```toml
[target.'cfg(any())'.dependencies]
serde_derive = { version = "=1.0.220", path = "../serde_derive" }
```
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml |   18 +-
 .gitignore               |    1 -
 Cargo.lock               | 1028 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Cargo.toml               |    1 +
 4 files changed, 1033 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Cargo.lock

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1c4a8f1..ccfa087 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -13,13 +13,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: Install Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          components: rustfmt, clippy
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - run: rustup component add rustfmt clippy
 
       - name: Lint
         run: |
@@ -35,10 +30,5 @@ jobs:
   minimum-supported-rust-version:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          # Dependencies may require Rust 2021.
-          toolchain: 1.56.0
-          override: true
-      - run: cargo check
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - run: cargo +1.61.0 check --locked --lib
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 96ef6c0..ea8c4bf 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 /target
-Cargo.lock
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cb5942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,1028 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atty"
+version = "0.2.14"
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+ "libc",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "bcs"
+version = "0.1.6"
+dependencies = [
+ "criterion",
+ "proptest",
+ "proptest-derive",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index ab89337..faf628b 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ repository = "https://github.com/zefchain/bcs"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 edition = "2018"
+rust-version = "1.61.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 serde_core = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }