diff --git a/.claude/settings.local.json b/.claude/settings.local.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ded820a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.claude/settings.local.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "permissions": {
+    "allow": [
+      "Bash(git:*)"
+    ]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/.ruby-version b/.ruby-version
index 7921bd0..7bcbb38 100644
--- a/.ruby-version
+++ b/.ruby-version
@@ -1 +1 @@
-3.4.8
+3.4.9
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb9456e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# CLAUDE.md
+
+This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
+
+## Project Overview
+
+**Wisconsin Irrigation Scheduling Program (WISP)** — a Rails 8.0 web app for irrigation water management, developed for UW-Madison. It tracks daily root-zone water balance (rainfall, irrigation, ET, deep drainage) using the checkbook method and integrates with an external ag-weather microservice.
+
+## Commands
+
+```bash
+# Development
+bin/rails s                          # Start server (localhost:3000)
+bundle exec rspec                    # Run all tests
+bundle exec rspec spec/path/to_spec.rb  # Run a single test file
+bundle exec standard                 # Lint (Ruby Standard)
+
+# Database
+bundle exec rake db:setup db:seed    # Create DB, load schema, seed plants/soil types
+bundle exec rake yearly:reset        # Reset all field data (runs automatically Feb 15)
+
+# Deployment
+cap staging deploy                   # Deploy to dev.wisp.cals.wisc.edu
+cap production deploy                # Deploy to wisp.cals.wisc.edu
+```
+
+Guard can auto-run tests on file changes: `guard -i rspec`
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Domain Model Hierarchy
+
+```
+User (Devise auth)
+  └── Group (farm operation group, via memberships)
+      └── Farm (collection of pivots, one per year)
+          └── Pivot (irrigation equipment / field location)
+              └── Field (soil/crop area with water balance params)
+                  ├── Crop (plant type + emergence date + MAD + root zone)
+                  └── FieldDailyWeather (one row per day: rain, irrigation, ET, AD, soil moisture)
+```
+
+Fields also link to **WeatherStations** (called "Field Groups" in the UI) via `multi_edit_links`, allowing shared weather/irrigation data entry across grouped fields.
+
+### Key Calculations (vendor gem: `asigbiophys`)
+
+Located in `vendor/asigbiophys/lib/`:
+- **`ADCalculator`** — Available water Depletion: tracks daily soil water balance
+- **`ETCalculator`** — Evapotranspiration: uses reference ET from ag-weather + crop-specific coefficients, supporting two methods: Percent Cover or LAI (Leaf Area Index)
+
+### External Dependency: ag-weather
+
+`app/clients/ag_weather.rb` wraps REST calls to the ag-weather service running on port `8080`. This service provides reference ET, precipitation, and degree-day data. The app requires ag-weather to be running locally for full functionality.
+
+### Plants (STI)
+
+Plant types live in `app/models/plants/` as STI subclasses (Corn, Potato, Soybean, etc.) with definitions seeded from `db/plants.yml`. Soil water holding capacity defaults come from `db/soil_types.yml`.
+
+### Routes & Controllers
+
+All main WISP UI views route through `/wisp/*` (collection actions only — no standard CRUD). Resource controllers (`farms`, `pivots`, `fields`, `crops`, `field_daily_weather`, `weather_stations`) use jqGrid for server-side data tables and respond primarily to `index` + `post_data` actions.
+
+### Security
+
+- **Rack::Attack** (`config/initializers/rack_attack.rb`): rate-limits to 25 req/sec globally, 5 write req/sec per IP
+- **Devise** handles authentication; group memberships (`memberships` table) control access with an admin flag
+
+## Ruby & Rails Upgrades
+
+When upgrading Ruby: update `.ruby-version`, `config/deploy.rb`, and the README version reference.
+
+When upgrading Rails: `THOR_MERGE="code -d $1 $2" rails app:update` (uses VSCode as merge tool).
+
+## Testing
+
+RSpec with FactoryBot. Tests live in `spec/`. Migrations are excluded from Standard linting (`.standard.yml`).
diff --git a/Capfile b/Capfile
index 508de25..f59d354 100644
--- a/Capfile
+++ b/Capfile
@@ -6,6 +6,14 @@ require "capistrano/deploy"
 require "capistrano/scm/git"
 install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Git
 
+# Include tasks from other gems included in your Gemfile
+#
+# For documentation on these, see for example:
+#
+#   https://github.com/capistrano/rbenv
+#   https://github.com/capistrano/bundler
+#   https://github.com/capistrano/rails
+#
 require "capistrano/rbenv"
 require "capistrano/bundler"
 require "capistrano/rails/assets"
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index c6c6471..02e4b00 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ PATH
 GEM
   remote: https://rubygems.org/
   specs:
-    action_text-trix (2.1.16)
+    action_text-trix (2.1.17)
       railties
     actioncable (8.1.2)
       actionpack (= 8.1.2)
@@ -87,13 +87,13 @@ GEM
       securerandom (>= 0.3)
       tzinfo (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.5)
       uri (>= 0.13.1)
-    addressable (2.8.8)
+    addressable (2.8.9)
       public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 8.0)
-    airbrussh (1.6.0)
+    airbrussh (1.6.1)
       sshkit (>= 1.6.1, != 1.7.0)
     ast (2.4.3)
     base64 (0.3.0)
-    bcrypt (3.1.21)
+    bcrypt (3.1.22)
     bcrypt_pbkdf (1.1.2)
     bigdecimal (4.0.1)
     bindex (0.8.1)
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ GEM
     date (3.5.1)
     decent_exposure (3.0.4)
       activesupport (>= 4.0)
-    devise (5.0.2)
+    devise (5.0.3)
       bcrypt (~> 3.0)
       orm_adapter (~> 0.1)
       railties (>= 7.0)
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ GEM
       railties (>= 6.1)
     drb (2.2.3)
     ed25519 (1.4.0)
-    erb (6.0.1)
+    erb (6.0.2)
     erubi (1.13.1)
     execjs (2.10.0)
     factory_bot (6.5.6)
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ GEM
       rails-dom-testing (>= 1, < 3)
       railties (>= 4.2.0)
       thor (>= 0.14, < 2.0)
-    json (2.18.1)
+    json (2.19.2)
     language_server-protocol (3.17.0.5)
     launchy (3.1.1)
       addressable (~> 2.8)
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ GEM
       rb-fsevent (~> 0.10, >= 0.10.3)
       rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.10)
     logger (1.7.0)
-    loofah (2.25.0)
+    loofah (2.25.1)
       crass (~> 1.0.2)
       nokogiri (>= 1.12.0)
     lumberjack (1.4.2)
@@ -237,7 +237,8 @@ GEM
     marcel (1.1.0)
     method_source (1.1.0)
     mini_mime (1.1.5)
-    minitest (6.0.1)
+    minitest (6.0.2)
+      drb (~> 2.0)
       prism (~> 1.5)
     multi_xml (0.8.1)
       bigdecimal (>= 3.1, < 5)
@@ -255,19 +256,19 @@ GEM
       net-ssh (>= 5.0.0, < 8.0.0)
     net-smtp (0.5.1)
       net-protocol
-    net-ssh (7.3.0)
+    net-ssh (7.3.2)
     nio4r (2.7.5)
-    nokogiri (1.19.1-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+    nokogiri (1.19.2-aarch64-linux-gnu)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.19.1-aarch64-linux-musl)
+    nokogiri (1.19.2-aarch64-linux-musl)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.19.1-arm-linux-gnu)
+    nokogiri (1.19.2-arm-linux-gnu)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.19.1-arm-linux-musl)
+    nokogiri (1.19.2-arm-linux-musl)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.19.1-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+    nokogiri (1.19.2-x86_64-linux-gnu)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.19.1-x86_64-linux-musl)
+    nokogiri (1.19.2-x86_64-linux-musl)
       racc (~> 1.4)
     notiffany (0.1.3)
       nenv (~> 0.1)
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ GEM
     psych (5.3.1)
       date
       stringio
-    public_suffix (7.0.2)
+    public_suffix (7.0.5)
     puma (7.2.0)
       nio4r (~> 2.0)
     racc (1.8.1)
@@ -326,8 +327,8 @@ GEM
       activesupport (>= 5.0.0)
       minitest
       nokogiri (>= 1.6)
-    rails-html-sanitizer (1.6.2)
-      loofah (~> 2.21)
+    rails-html-sanitizer (1.7.0)
+      loofah (~> 2.25)
       nokogiri (>= 1.15.7, != 1.16.7, != 1.16.6, != 1.16.5, != 1.16.4, != 1.16.3, != 1.16.2, != 1.16.1, != 1.16.0.rc1, != 1.16.0)
     rails-ujs (0.1.0)
       railties (>= 3.1)
@@ -365,17 +366,17 @@ GEM
     rspec-expectations (3.13.5)
       diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
       rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
-    rspec-mocks (3.13.7)
+    rspec-mocks (3.13.8)
       diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
       rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
-    rspec-rails (8.0.3)
+    rspec-rails (8.0.4)
       actionpack (>= 7.2)
       activesupport (>= 7.2)
       railties (>= 7.2)
-      rspec-core (~> 3.13)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.13)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.13)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.13)
+      rspec-core (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
+      rspec-expectations (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
+      rspec-mocks (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
+      rspec-support (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
     rspec-support (3.13.7)
     rubocop (1.84.2)
       json (~> 2.3)
@@ -388,7 +389,7 @@ GEM
       rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
       ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
       unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
-    rubocop-ast (1.49.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.49.1)
       parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
       prism (~> 1.7)
     rubocop-performance (1.26.1)
@@ -444,11 +445,11 @@ GEM
       lint_roller (~> 1.1)
       rubocop-performance (~> 1.26.0)
     stringio (3.2.0)
-    terser (1.2.6)
+    terser (1.2.7)
       execjs (>= 0.3.0, < 3)
     thor (1.5.0)
     tilt (2.7.0)
-    timeout (0.6.0)
+    timeout (0.6.1)
     tsort (0.2.0)
     tzinfo (2.0.6)
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
@@ -460,12 +461,11 @@ GEM
     valid_attribute (2.0.0)
     warden (1.2.9)
       rack (>= 2.0.9)
-    web-console (4.2.1)
-      actionview (>= 6.0.0)
-      activemodel (>= 6.0.0)
+    web-console (4.3.0)
+      actionview (>= 8.0.0)
       bindex (>= 0.4.0)
-      railties (>= 6.0.0)
-    webmock (3.26.1)
+      railties (>= 8.0.0)
+    webmock (3.26.2)
       addressable (>= 2.8.0)
       crack (>= 0.3.2)
       hashdiff (>= 0.4.0, < 2.0.0)
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   will_paginate
 
 CHECKSUMS
-  action_text-trix (2.1.16) sha256=f645a2c21821b8449fd1d6770708f4031c91a2eedf9ef476e9be93c64e703a8a
+  action_text-trix (2.1.17) sha256=b44691639d77e67169dc054ceacd1edc04d44dc3e4c6a427aa155a2beb4cc951
   actioncable (8.1.2) sha256=dc31efc34cca9cdefc5c691ddb8b4b214c0ea5cd1372108cbc1377767fb91969
   actionmailbox (8.1.2) sha256=058b2fb1980e5d5a894f675475fcfa45c62631103d5a2596d9610ec81581889b
   actionmailer (8.1.2) sha256=f4c1d2060f653bfe908aa7fdc5a61c0e5279670de992146582f2e36f8b9175e9
@@ -546,12 +546,12 @@ CHECKSUMS
   activerecord (8.1.2) sha256=acfbe0cadfcc50fa208011fe6f4eb01cae682ebae0ef57145ba45380c74bcc44
   activestorage (8.1.2) sha256=8a63a48c3999caeee26a59441f813f94681fc35cc41aba7ce1f836add04fba76
   activesupport (8.1.2) sha256=88842578ccd0d40f658289b0e8c842acfe9af751afee2e0744a7873f50b6fdae
-  addressable (2.8.8) sha256=7c13b8f9536cf6364c03b9d417c19986019e28f7c00ac8132da4eb0fe393b057
-  airbrussh (1.6.0) sha256=7e2cf581f2319d2c2b2b672c9fc486efb4dfcfed4bd2dadbef5f10b8b2a000d0
+  addressable (2.8.9) sha256=cc154fcbe689711808a43601dee7b980238ce54368d23e127421753e46895485
+  airbrussh (1.6.1) sha256=9a5fc95583cefe722054a016d26ff0338cf00072b031b829086dde2039d5836a
   asigbiophys (0.1.4)
   ast (2.4.3) sha256=954615157c1d6a382bc27d690d973195e79db7f55e9765ac7c481c60bdb4d383
   base64 (0.3.0) sha256=27337aeabad6ffae05c265c450490628ef3ebd4b67be58257393227588f5a97b
-  bcrypt (3.1.21) sha256=5964613d750a42c7ee5dc61f7b9336fb6caca429ba4ac9f2011609946e4a2dcf
+  bcrypt (3.1.22) sha256=1f0072e88c2d705d94aff7f2c5cb02eb3f1ec4b8368671e19112527489f29032
   bcrypt_pbkdf (1.1.2) sha256=c2414c23ce66869b3eb9f643d6a3374d8322dfb5078125c82792304c10b94cf6
   bigdecimal (4.0.1) sha256=8b07d3d065a9f921c80ceaea7c9d4ae596697295b584c296fe599dd0ad01c4a7
   bindex (0.8.1) sha256=7b1ecc9dc539ed8bccfc8cb4d2732046227b09d6f37582ff12e50a5047ceb17e
@@ -574,14 +574,14 @@ CHECKSUMS
   csv (3.3.5) sha256=6e5134ac3383ef728b7f02725d9872934f523cb40b961479f69cf3afa6c8e73f
   date (3.5.1) sha256=750d06384d7b9c15d562c76291407d89e368dda4d4fff957eb94962d325a0dc0
   decent_exposure (3.0.4) sha256=5ce9e3df24f8d77f094b2e612d1c43a78a2de879847ccbb57c0e596e6c303cf1
-  devise (5.0.2) sha256=254330c9290e612ad9681e8a18c96aa21fb95bc391af936b84480965444bb0b6
+  devise (5.0.3) sha256=c4c065051cdc4ace11547b2b7f5c3c4c97d0f1269250f5fe90f614ff78f29546
   diff-lcs (1.6.2) sha256=9ae0d2cba7d4df3075fe8cd8602a8604993efc0dfa934cff568969efb1909962
   docile (1.4.1) sha256=96159be799bfa73cdb721b840e9802126e4e03dfc26863db73647204c727f21e
   dotenv (3.2.0) sha256=e375b83121ea7ca4ce20f214740076129ab8514cd81378161f11c03853fe619d
   dotenv-rails (3.2.0) sha256=657e25554ba622ffc95d8c4f1670286510f47f2edda9f68293c3f661b303beab
   drb (2.2.3) sha256=0b00d6fdb50995fe4a45dea13663493c841112e4068656854646f418fda13373
   ed25519 (1.4.0) sha256=16e97f5198689a154247169f3453ef4cfd3f7a47481fde0ae33206cdfdcac506
-  erb (6.0.1) sha256=28ecdd99c5472aebd5674d6061e3c6b0a45c049578b071e5a52c2a7f13c197e5
+  erb (6.0.2) sha256=9fe6264d44f79422c87490a1558479bd0e7dad4dd0e317656e67ea3077b5242b
   erubi (1.13.1) sha256=a082103b0885dbc5ecf1172fede897f9ebdb745a4b97a5e8dc63953db1ee4ad9
   execjs (2.10.0) sha256=6bcb8be8f0052ff9d370b65d1c080f2406656e150452a0abdb185a133048450d
   factory_bot (6.5.6) sha256=12beb373214dccc086a7a63763d6718c49769d5606f0501e0a4442676917e077
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ CHECKSUMS
   jqgrid-jquery-rails (4.6.1) sha256=78eb642f6e481dfaf9bd678670abf5415bbe8566ced102dfaa4ba38e4f8de47c
   jquery-rails (4.6.1) sha256=619f3496cdcdeaae1fd6dafa52dbac3fc45b745d4e09712da4184a16b3a8d9c0
   jquery-ui-rails (8.0.0)
-  json (2.18.1) sha256=fe112755501b8d0466b5ada6cf50c8c3f41e897fa128ac5d263ec09eedc9f986
+  json (2.19.2) sha256=e7e1bd318b2c37c4ceee2444841c86539bc462e81f40d134cf97826cb14e83cf
   language_server-protocol (3.17.0.5) sha256=fd1e39a51a28bf3eec959379985a72e296e9f9acfce46f6a79d31ca8760803cc
   launchy (3.1.1) sha256=72b847b5cc961589dde2c395af0108c86ff0119f42d4648d25b5440ebb10059e
   letter_opener (1.10.0) sha256=2ff33f2e3b5c3c26d1959be54b395c086ca6d44826e8bf41a14ff96fdf1bdbb2
@@ -614,13 +614,13 @@ CHECKSUMS
   lint_roller (1.1.0) sha256=2c0c845b632a7d172cb849cc90c1bce937a28c5c8ccccb50dfd46a485003cc87
   listen (3.10.0) sha256=c6e182db62143aeccc2e1960033bebe7445309c7272061979bb098d03760c9d2
   logger (1.7.0) sha256=196edec7cc44b66cfb40f9755ce11b392f21f7967696af15d274dde7edff0203
-  loofah (2.25.0) sha256=df5ed7ac3bac6a4ec802df3877ee5cc86d027299f8952e6243b3dac446b060e6
+  loofah (2.25.1) sha256=d436c73dbd0c1147b16c4a41db097942d217303e1f7728704b37e4df9f6d2e04
   lumberjack (1.4.2) sha256=40de5ae46321380c835031bcc1370f13bba304d29f2b5f5bb152061a5a191b95
   mail (2.9.0) sha256=6fa6673ecd71c60c2d996260f9ee3dd387d4673b8169b502134659ece6d34941
   marcel (1.1.0) sha256=fdcfcfa33cc52e93c4308d40e4090a5d4ea279e160a7f6af988260fa970e0bee
   method_source (1.1.0) sha256=181301c9c45b731b4769bc81e8860e72f9161ad7d66dd99103c9ab84f560f5c5
   mini_mime (1.1.5) sha256=8681b7e2e4215f2a159f9400b5816d85e9d8c6c6b491e96a12797e798f8bccef
-  minitest (6.0.1) sha256=7854c74f48e2e975969062833adc4013f249a4b212f5e7b9d5c040bf838d54bb
+  minitest (6.0.2) sha256=db6e57956f6ecc6134683b4c87467d6dd792323c7f0eea7b93f66bd284adbc3d
   multi_xml (0.8.1) sha256=addba0290bac34e9088bfe73dc4878530297a82a7bbd66cb44dcd0a4b86edf5a
   nenv (0.3.0) sha256=d9de6d8fb7072228463bf61843159419c969edb34b3cef51832b516ae7972765
   net-imap (0.6.3) sha256=9bab75f876596d09ee7bf911a291da478e0cd6badc54dfb82874855ccc82f2ad
@@ -629,14 +629,14 @@ CHECKSUMS
   net-scp (4.1.0) sha256=a99b0b92a1e5d360b0de4ffbf2dc0c91531502d3d4f56c28b0139a7c093d1a5d
   net-sftp (4.0.0) sha256=65bb91c859c2f93b09826757af11b69af931a3a9155050f50d1b06d384526364
   net-smtp (0.5.1) sha256=ed96a0af63c524fceb4b29b0d352195c30d82dd916a42f03c62a3a70e5b70736
-  net-ssh (7.3.0) sha256=172076c4b30ce56fb25a03961b0c4da14e1246426401b0f89cba1a3b54bf3ef0
+  net-ssh (7.3.2) sha256=65029e213c380e20e5fd92ece663934ab0a0fe888e0cd7cc6a5b664074362dd4
   nio4r (2.7.5) sha256=6c90168e48fb5f8e768419c93abb94ba2b892a1d0602cb06eef16d8b7df1dca1
-  nokogiri (1.19.1-aarch64-linux-gnu) sha256=cfdb0eafd9a554a88f12ebcc688d2b9005f9fce42b00b970e3dc199587b27f32
-  nokogiri (1.19.1-aarch64-linux-musl) sha256=1e2150ab43c3b373aba76cd1190af7b9e92103564063e48c474f7600923620b5
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diff --git a/WISP_ARCHITECTURE_AND_MESONET_PLAN.md b/WISP_ARCHITECTURE_AND_MESONET_PLAN.md
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+# WISP Architecture & Mesonet Implementation Plan
+
+**Wisconsin Irrigation Scheduling Program (WISP)**
+*Architecture reference and implementation guide for external teams*
+
+---
+
+## Abbreviations & Definitions
+
+| Abbreviation | Full Term | Definition |
+|-------------|-----------|------------|
+| AD | Allowable Depletion | Running daily measure of how much water has been depleted from the root zone relative to field capacity, in inches. Positive = water available; zero or negative = irrigation needed. Also called RAW (Readily Available Water). |
+| AD_max | Maximum Allowable Depletion | The depletion threshold at which irrigation should be triggered. Equals MAD × TAW. |
+| DD | Deep Drainage | Water that has percolated below the root zone because inputs (rain + irrigation) exceeded field capacity. Lost from the plant-available water budget. |
+| ET | Evapotranspiration | Combined water loss from soil evaporation and plant transpiration. Measured in inches/day. |
+| ETo / ref_ET | Reference Evapotranspiration | Standardized ET for a hypothetical short grass reference surface under well-watered conditions. Provided by ag-weather stations. Actual crop ET is derived by applying a crop coefficient. |
+| adj_ET | Adjusted ET | The actual estimated crop water use for a given day, calculated by scaling ref_ET by a crop coefficient based on canopy cover or LAI. |
+| FC | Field Capacity | The fraction of soil volume occupied by water after excess has drained (approximately 24–48 hrs after saturation). Upper bound of plant-available water. |
+| Kc | Crop Coefficient | Dimensionless multiplier applied to ref_ET to estimate crop-specific water use. Derived from canopy cover (percent cover method) or leaf area index (LAI method). |
+| LAI | Leaf Area Index | Ratio of total one-sided leaf area to ground surface area. Dimensionless. Used to compute Kc via Beer's law: Kc = 1.1 × (1 − e^(−1.5 × LAI)). |
+| MAD | Maximum Allowable Depletion | The fraction of TAW that can be depleted before irrigation stress occurs. Default is 0.50 (50%). Crop- and grower-specific. |
+| MRZD | Managed Root Zone Depth | The effective depth of the active crop root zone, in inches. Determines how large the water reservoir is. |
+| pct_cover | Percent Canopy Cover | The fraction of the ground shaded by the crop canopy, expressed as 0–100%. Used as the primary input to the percent cover ET method. |
+| PWP | Permanent Wilting Point | The soil moisture fraction below which plants can no longer extract water. Sets the lower bound of plant-available water. |
+| RAW | Readily Available Water | Synonym for AD_max (Allowable Depletion). The portion of TAW that can be used before irrigation stress. |
+| TAW | Total Available Water | Total inches of plant-available water in the root zone between field capacity and permanent wilting point. TAW = (FC − PWP) × MRZD. |
+| WISP | Wisconsin Irrigation Scheduling Program | The UW-Madison web application this document describes. |
+
+---
+
+## Part 1: WISP Architecture
+
+### Overview
+
+WISP implements the **checkbook method** of irrigation scheduling — a daily root-zone water balance that tracks inputs (rain, irrigation) against outputs (evapotranspiration) to estimate how much plant-available water remains in the soil. The core output is **AD (Allowable Depletion)**, a running daily tally in inches of water. When AD approaches zero the soil is at the irrigation trigger point.
+
+The application is a Rails 8 web app backed by PostgreSQL. It pulls reference ET and precipitation from an external ag-weather microservice (REST API). All irrigation and soil moisture inputs come from growers entering data.
+
+---
+
+### Domain Model Hierarchy
+
+```
+User (Devise auth)
+  └── Group (farm operation)
+      └── Farm (one per year)
+          └── Pivot (irrigation equipment / GPS location)
+              └── Field (soil + crop configuration)
+                  ├── Crop (plant type, emergence date, MAD, root zone)
+                  └── FieldDailyWeather (one row per calendar day)
+```
+
+Fields can also share weather/irrigation data across multiple fields via **WeatherStation** (called "Field Groups" in the UI), linked through `multi_edit_links`.
+
+---
+
+### Static Configuration (set once per field/season)
+
+| Parameter | Source | Description |
+|-----------|--------|-------------|
+| Soil type | User selects | Determines field capacity and wilting point |
+| Field capacity (FC) | Soil type lookup or manual | Fraction of soil volume that holds water (e.g., 0.24 for loam) |
+| Permanent wilting point (PWP) | Soil type lookup or manual | Fraction below which plants cannot extract water |
+| Managed root zone depth (MRZD) | Crop default or manual | Depth in inches of active root zone |
+| Max allowable depletion (MAD) | Crop default (50%) | Fraction of TAW that can deplete before irrigation is needed |
+| Emergence date | User enters | Date crop emerged; governs canopy/LAI growth start |
+| ET method | User selects | Percent Cover or LAI |
+
+#### Soil Type Reference Table
+
+| Soil | Field Capacity | Perm. Wilting Pt |
+|------|---------------|-----------------|
+| Sand | 0.10 | 0.04 |
+| Sandy Loam | 0.15 | 0.05 |
+| Loam | 0.24 | 0.08 |
+| Silt Loam | 0.30 | 0.16 |
+| Silt | 0.31 | 0.10 |
+| Clay Loam | 0.34 | 0.15 |
+| Clay | 0.37 | 0.20 |
+
+#### Crop Default Root Zone Depths
+
+| Crop | MRZD (inches) | Crop | MRZD (inches) |
+|------|--------------|------|--------------|
+| Onion | 12 | Sweet Corn | 27 |
+| Carrot | 12 | Asparagus | 27 |
+| Leafy Greens | 12 | Soybean | 33 |
+| Cabbage | 15 | Field Corn | 33 |
+| Broccoli | 15 | Wheat | 33 |
+| Celery | 15 | Barley | 33 |
+| Mint | 15 | Shell Peas | 36 |
+| Tomato | 15 | Other | 36 |
+| Potato | 16 | Alfalfa | 42 |
+| Sweet Potato | 16 | Snap Bean | 21 |
+| Beets | 18 | Pepper | 18 |
+| Melon | 18 | Pumpkin | 18 |
+| Cucumber | 18 | Winter Squash | 18 |
+| Summer Squash | 18 | | |
+
+---
+
+### Derived Setup Values (calculated once, recalculated if soil/crop changes)
+
+```
+TAW  = (FC - PWP) × MRZD                          [inches; Total Available Water]
+AD_max = MAD_frac × TAW                            [inches; max AD before irrigation needed]
+pct_moisture_at_AD_min = (FC − (AD_max / MRZD)) × 100   [%; soil moisture at irrigation trigger]
+```
+
+These values define the "water budget" for the season. AD ranges from 0 (full, at field capacity) down to AD_max (at irrigation trigger) and further down to the permanent wilting point.
+
+---
+
+### Daily Calculation Loop
+
+WISP runs April 1 – November 30. For each day the following inputs are needed:
+
+| Input | Source in WISP | Notes |
+|-------|---------------|-------|
+| `ref_ET` | ag-weather microservice (inches/day) | ETo, reference evapotranspiration |
+| `rain` | ag-weather microservice (inches) | Overrideable by grower |
+| `irrigation` | Grower-entered (inches) | |
+| `pct_cover` or `leaf_area_index` | User-entered / interpolated / growth curve | Depends on ET method |
+
+#### Step 1 — Compute Adjusted ET
+
+The reference ET (ETo) is a standardized value for a reference grass surface. A crop coefficient scales it for actual crop water use.
+
+**Percent Cover Method** (default, most common):
+
+Uses regression coefficients from UW Extension pub A3600 (Table C), derived by J. Panuska, that relate percent canopy cover to a crop coefficient. The lookup covers 0–80%+ cover in 10% bands. Below 80% cover, two adjacent band values are interpolated linearly. At or above 80% cover, `adj_ET = ref_ET` (full crop coefficient ≈ 1.0).
+
+```
+# Regression coefficients [intercept, slope] per 10% cover band:
+coeff = [
+  [0,0],           # 0%  — special case (see below)
+  [-0.002263, 0.2377],  # 10%
+  [-0.002789, 0.3956],  # 20%
+  [-0.002368, 0.5395],  # 30%
+  [-0.000316, 0.6684],  # 40%
+  [-0.000053, 0.7781],  # 50%
+  [ 0.001053, 0.8772],  # 60%
+  [ 0.001947, 0.9395],  # 70%
+  [ 0.000000, 1.0000],  # 80%+
+]
+
+# For a given pct_cover and ref_ET:
+band = floor(pct_cover / 10)
+adj_ET_low  = coeff[band][0]   + ref_ET * coeff[band][1]
+adj_ET_high = coeff[band+1][0] + ref_ET * coeff[band+1][1]
+adj_ET = adj_ET_low + ((pct_cover - band*10) / 10) * (adj_ET_high - adj_ET_low)
+```
+
+*Special case at 0% cover:* a stepped lookup by ref_ET magnitude handles the bare-soil ET (0.0 / 0.010 / 0.020 inches/day for low/medium/high ref_ET), then interpolates up to the 10% band value.
+
+**LAI Method** (alternate, currently corn-specific in WISP):
+
+```
+# Corn LAI growth curve (days since emergence):
+LAI = 9e-12 × days_since_emergence^7.95 × exp(-0.1 × days_since_emergence)
+
+# Crop coefficient and adjusted ET:
+Kc = 1.1 × (1 − exp(−1.5 × LAI))
+adj_ET = Kc × ref_ET
+```
+
+For non-corn crops in the LAI path, WISP currently uses a degree-day based placeholder quadratic: `LAI ≈ −0.000003 × DD² + 0.0073 × DD − 0.6728`.
+
+#### Step 2 — Compute Change in Daily Storage
+
+```
+delta_storage = rain + irrigation − adj_ET
+```
+
+#### Step 3 — Update AD
+
+```
+water_inches = prev_AD + delta_storage
+
+if water_inches > AD_max:
+    AD = AD_max
+    deep_drainage = water_inches − AD_max    # excess drains below root zone
+else:
+    AD = water_inches
+    deep_drainage = 0.0
+
+# Hard floor at permanent wilting point:
+AD = max(AD, −(1 − MAD_frac) × TAW)        # AD_at_PWP
+```
+
+Deep drainage is logged but otherwise discarded — it is water that has percolated below the root zone.
+
+#### Step 4 — Compute Soil Moisture Percent
+
+```
+pct_moisture = pct_moisture_at_AD_min + (AD / MRZD) × 100
+```
+
+This back-converts AD (inches of available water) to a volumetric soil moisture percentage for display and for comparison against sensor readings.
+
+#### Missing ET Handling
+
+When `ref_ET` is zero or missing for a day, WISP substitutes the **mean of the top 3 adjusted ET values from the prior 7 days** (via a rolling ring buffer). This prevents the water balance from freezing on data-gap days.
+
+#### Soil Moisture Override (Observation Reset)
+
+If the user enters an **observed soil moisture %** for a day, the normal rain/ET/irrigation delta is bypassed. Instead, AD is re-derived directly from the observation:
+
+```
+AD = MRZD × (obs_pct_moisture − pct_moisture_at_AD_min) / 100
+AD = min(AD, TAW)    # cannot exceed field capacity
+```
+
+This is a critical feature for resetting the modeled balance after a sensor reading or soil probe measurement.
+
+---
+
+### Percent Cover Interpolation
+
+Between user-entered canopy cover dates, WISP linearly interpolates the `calculated_pct_cover` column. The user enters a few anchor points (e.g., emergence = 0%, 4 weeks later = 40%, at peak = 80%) and the system fills in daily values. This is the primary way canopy data is managed in practice.
+
+---
+
+### ET Method Summary Comparison
+
+| | Percent Cover | LAI |
+|-|--------------|-----|
+| **User input** | % canopy cover on key dates | — (automatic growth curve) |
+| **Growth curve** | None (user provides) | Polynomial/exponential function of days since emergence |
+| **Crop coeff** | Regression table (A3600) | Beer's law: 1.1×(1−e^(−1.5×LAI)) |
+| **Best for** | Any crop, simple, widely used | Corn (calibrated), requires degree-day data |
+| **Mesonet fit** | Excellent | Possible if degree-days available |
+
+---
+
+### External Weather Dependency
+
+WISP calls an ag-weather REST microservice (running on port 8080) to fetch:
+
+- `/evapotranspirations` — reference ET by lat/lon and date range
+- `/precips` — precipitation by lat/lon and date range
+- `/degree_days` — accumulated degree days (for LAI crops)
+
+The mesonet replaces this dependency entirely for the simplified implementation.
+
+---
+
+### Irrigation Trigger Logic
+
+The daily status column color-codes fields:
+- **Blue** — AD > 0 (water in the bank, no irrigation needed)
+- **Yellow** — AD is within 2 days of 0 at projected ET rates
+- **Red** — AD ≤ 0 (irrigation overdue)
+
+Projection uses the rolling mean of recent adj_ET values (same ring-buffer calculation as the missing ET fill).
+
+---
+
+## Part 2: Mesonet Implementation Plan
+
+### Objective
+
+Add an irrigation scheduling widget to the state mesonet website that computes the daily water balance for a user-selected weather station, without a persistent database. The user provides a small number of inputs; the mesonet provides weather data. The calculation runs entirely in the browser (or on a stateless API call) for the current season to date.
+
+---
+
+### Key Simplifications vs. WISP
+
+| WISP feature | Mesonet approach |
+|-------------|-----------------|
+| Multi-user accounts, farms, pivots, fields | No accounts; single-session, stateless |
+| Persistent daily weather records | Fetch live from mesonet on demand |
+| Full irrigation event tracking | User can optionally enter irrigation amounts |
+| Observed soil moisture reset per day | User enters current soil moisture once to reset |
+| Linear interpolation of pct_cover over season | User enters a single current pct_cover value |
+| Multiple crops per field across years | One crop type per session |
+
+---
+
+### User Inputs
+
+#### Required (always shown)
+
+| Input | Options | Maps to |
+|-------|---------|---------|
+| Weather station | Dropdown of mesonet stations | Data source for ref_ET, precip |
+| Crop type | Dropdown (crop list from plants.yml) | Default MRZD, MAD |
+| Soil type | Dropdown (7 soil types) | FC, PWP |
+| Current % canopy cover | 0–100% slider or text field | adj_ET calculation |
+| Season start / emergence date | Date picker (defaults to May 1) | Start of water balance |
+
+#### Optional / Adjustable (collapsible "Advanced" section)
+
+| Input | Default | Notes |
+|-------|---------|-------|
+| Current soil moisture (%) | Computed from balance | Allows observation-based reset |
+| Root zone depth (inches) | Crop default | Override if known |
+| MAD fraction | 0.50 | Override for sensitive crops |
+| Irrigation applied (inches, per date) | 0 | Key override for accuracy |
+| Precipitation adjustments | Mesonet value | User can correct for local gauge |
+
+---
+
+### Mesonet Data Used
+
+The mesonet already provides these per-station, per-day values:
+
+| Data | WISP equivalent | Notes |
+|------|----------------|-------|
+| Reference ET (ETo, inches/day) | `ref_et` | Must be in inches; convert from mm if needed |
+| Precipitation (inches) | `rain` | User-adjustable |
+| Soil moisture (%) | `entered_pct_moisture` | Optional reset/anchor |
+| Temperature (°F) | Degree days (optional) | Only needed for LAI method |
+
+---
+
+### Recommended ET Method for Mesonet
+
+**Use the Percent Cover method.** It requires only a single canopy cover value entered by the user, uses no degree-day data, and is the most widely applicable across crop types. The LAI method could be offered as an advanced option for corn growers if degree-day data is available.
+
+---
+
+### Calculation Flow (stateless, single session)
+
+```
+1. User selects station, crop, soil type, pct_cover, emergence date
+2. Fetch daily weather (ref_ET, precip) from mesonet API for
+   emergence_date → today
+3. Apply static setup:
+     FC, PWP   ← soil type table
+     MRZD      ← crop table (or user override)
+     MAD_frac  ← 0.5 (or user override)
+     TAW       = (FC − PWP) × MRZD
+     AD_max    = MAD_frac × TAW
+     pct_at_min = (FC − AD_max/MRZD) × 100
+4. Set initial AD:
+     If user entered current soil moisture → convert to AD
+     Else → AD = 0.0  (assume field at capacity at season start)
+5. For each day from emergence_date to today:
+     adj_ET = adj_et_pct_cover(ref_ET, pct_cover)
+     delta  = rain + irrigation − adj_ET
+     AD, DD = daily_ad_and_dd(prev_AD, delta, MAD_frac, TAW)
+     AD     = max(AD, AD_at_PWP)
+     pct_moisture = pct_at_min + (AD / MRZD × 100)
+     If user has entered obs. moisture for this date:
+       Override AD and pct_moisture from observation
+6. Display daily table + current status
+7. Optionally project 3–5 days forward using recent avg adj_ET
+```
+
+**Canopy cover handling:** For simplicity, use the single user-entered % cover as a constant for the entire season to date. Alternatively, offer a simple two-point input: emergence date (0%) and "today" (user's value), then linearly interpolate.
+
+---
+
+### Output Display
+
+| Column | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| Date | Calendar date |
+| Ref. ET (in) | From mesonet |
+| Adj. ET (in) | After crop coefficient |
+| Rain (in) | From mesonet (E = user-edited) |
+| Irrigation (in) | User-entered |
+| AD (in) | Running water balance |
+| Soil Moisture (%) | Computed (E = entered by user) |
+| Status | Full / OK / Caution / Irrigate |
+
+**Status thresholds (relative to AD_max):**
+
+| Status | Condition |
+|--------|-----------|
+| Full | AD > AD_max × 0.9 |
+| OK | AD > AD_max × 0.5 |
+| Caution | AD > 0 |
+| Irrigate | AD ≤ 0 |
+
+---
+
+### Implementation Technology Options
+
+| Approach | Pros | Cons |
+|----------|------|------|
+| Pure JavaScript / HTML in browser | Zero backend, instant, embeds in existing site | Weather API must allow CORS |
+| Thin server-side script (Python/PHP) | Handles CORS, easy to add state if needed later | Requires server endpoint |
+| Progressive web app / React component | Best for interactive editing, responsive | More build infrastructure |
+
+The calculation logic is simple enough to implement cleanly in JavaScript (no framework required) or as a single Python/Ruby script. The math is ~50 lines of pure functions with no dependencies.
+
+---
+
+### Pseudocode Reference (language-agnostic)
+
+```python
+# SETUP
+FC, PWP = soil_type_lookup[soil_type]
+MRZD = crop_lookup[crop_type]["mrzd"]
+MAD = 0.50
+TAW = (FC - PWP) * MRZD
+AD_max = MAD * TAW
+pct_at_min = (FC - AD_max / MRZD) * 100
+
+# DAILY LOOP
+def adj_et_pct_cover(ref_et, pct_cover):
+    coeff = [(0,0),(-0.002263,0.2377),(-0.002789,0.3956),
+             (-0.002368,0.5395),(-0.000316,0.6684),
+             (-0.000053,0.7781),(0.001053,0.8772),
+             (0.001947,0.9395),(0.0,1.0)]
+    if ref_et < 1e-6: return 0.0
+    band = min(int(pct_cover / 10), 7)
+    if band >= 8: return ref_et
+    lo = coeff[band][0]   + ref_et * coeff[band][1]
+    hi = coeff[band+1][0] + ref_et * coeff[band+1][1]
+    frac = (pct_cover - band * 10) / 10
+    return lo + frac * (hi - lo)
+
+def run_balance(days, initial_ad=0.0):
+    ad = initial_ad
+    results = []
+    for day in days:
+        if day.obs_moisture is not None:
+            # Reset from observation
+            ad = MRZD * (day.obs_moisture - pct_at_min) / 100
+            ad = min(ad, TAW)
+        else:
+            adj_et = adj_et_pct_cover(day.ref_et, pct_cover)
+            delta  = day.rain + day.irrigation - adj_et
+            ad     = min(ad + delta, AD_max)
+            ad     = max(ad, -(1 - MAD) * TAW)   # PWP floor
+        pct_moist = pct_at_min + (ad / MRZD * 100)
+        results.append({"date": day.date, "ad": ad, "pct_moisture": pct_moist})
+    return results
+```
+
+---
+
+### Phased Implementation Roadmap
+
+#### Phase 1 — Core Calculator (MVP)
+- Single-page tool: station dropdown, crop, soil, pct_cover, emergence date
+- Fetch mesonet ref_ET and precip for current season
+- Display daily water balance table with status indicator
+- Highlight today's row; show "Irrigate now" / "OK" at top
+
+#### Phase 2 — User Adjustments
+- Editable precipitation column (flag adjusted values with "E")
+- Irrigation input field per day (or a bulk "applied X inches on date Y" form)
+- Soil moisture observation entry to reset the balance
+
+#### Phase 3 — Enhanced Canopy Model
+- Two-point canopy entry (emergence % and current %)
+- Linear interpolation between points
+- Optional: 3-day forward projection using recent avg ET
+
+#### Phase 4 — Optional Persistence (if desired later)
+- LocalStorage to remember station/crop/soil preferences
+- URL-shareable state (encode inputs in query string)
+- If server-side: lightweight session or signed token — no database required
+
+---
+
+### Key Equations Summary
+
+| Calculation | Formula | Units |
+|-------------|---------|-------|
+| TAW | (FC − PWP) × MRZD | inches |
+| AD_max | MAD × TAW | inches |
+| pct_at_AD_min | (FC − AD_max/MRZD) × 100 | % |
+| Adj. ET (pct cover) | Regression interpolation (A3600 table) | inches/day |
+| Adj. ET (LAI corn) | 1.1 × (1 − e^(−1.5 × LAI)) × ref_ET | inches/day |
+| Delta storage | rain + irrigation − adj_ET | inches/day |
+| New AD | min(prev_AD + delta, AD_max) | inches |
+| Deep drainage | max(0, prev_AD + delta − AD_max) | inches |
+| Soil moisture | pct_at_AD_min + (AD/MRZD × 100) | % |
+
+---
+
+### Source References
+
+- Core calculation gem: `vendor/asigbiophys/lib/` (ADCalculator, ETCalculator modules)
+- Crop coefficients: UW Extension pub A3600, Table C (percent cover regression by J. Panuska)
+- LAI corn curve: WI_Irrigation_Scheduler_(WIS)_VV6.3.11.xls
+- Root zone depths: USDA NRCS Table 3.4 (nrcs141p2_017640.pdf)
+- Soil water holding capacity: WISP `db/soil_types.yml`
+- Plant defaults: WISP `db/plants.yml`
diff --git a/config/deploy.rb b/config/deploy.rb
index 8d82f2d..ffae31b 100644
--- a/config/deploy.rb
+++ b/config/deploy.rb
@@ -27,19 +27,29 @@
 
 # Default value for linked_dirs is []
 # set :linked_dirs, fetch(:linked_dirs, []).push('log', 'tmp/pids', 'tmp/cache', 'tmp/sockets', 'vendor/bundle', 'public/system')
-set :linked_dirs, %w[log tmp/pids tmp/cache tmp/sockets]
+set :linked_dirs, %w[log tmp/pids tmp/sockets public/assets]
 
 # Default value for default_env is {}
 # set :default_env, { path: '/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH' }
 
 # Default value for keep_releases is 5
-# set :keep_releases, 5
+set :keep_releases, 5
 
 # rbenv
 set :deploy_user, "deploy"
 set :rbenv_type, :user
+set :rbenv_ruby, File.read(".ruby-version").strip # set the rbenv_ruby to the same version as specified in .ruby-version
 
 namespace :deploy do
+  desc "Precompile assets"
+  after :updated, :precompile_assets do
+    on roles(:app) do
+      within release_path do
+        execute :rake, "assets:precompile"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   desc "Restart application"
   after :publishing, :restart do
     on roles(:app), in: :sequence, wait: 5 do