diff --git a/Sources/WasmParser/CMakeLists.txt b/Sources/WasmParser/CMakeLists.txt
index b5b05612..5b9abd12 100644
--- a/Sources/WasmParser/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Sources/WasmParser/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 add_wasmkit_library(WasmParser
   Stream/ByteStream.swift
   Stream/FileHandleStream.swift
-  Stream/Stream.swift
   BinaryInstructionDecoder.swift
   InstructionVisitor.swift
   LEB.swift
diff --git a/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/ByteStream.swift b/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/ByteStream.swift
index 68590d65..95013362 100644
--- a/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/ByteStream.swift
+++ b/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/ByteStream.swift
@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
-public protocol ByteStream: Stream where Element == UInt8 {}
+public protocol ByteStream: ~Copyable {
+    var currentIndex: Int { get }
 
+    func consumeAny() throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8
+    func consume(_ expected: Set<UInt8>) throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8
+    func consume(count: Int) throws(WasmParserError) -> ArraySlice<UInt8>
+
+    func peek() throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8?
+}
+
+extension ByteStream {
+    func consume(_ expected: UInt8) throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8 {
+        try consume(Set([expected]))
+    }
+
+    @usableFromInline
+    func hasReachedEnd() throws(WasmParserError) -> Bool {
+        try peek() == nil
+    }
+}
 public final class StaticByteStream: ByteStream {
     public let bytes: ArraySlice<UInt8>
     public var currentIndex: Int
@@ -15,9 +33,9 @@ public final class StaticByteStream: ByteStream {
     }
 
     @discardableResult
-    public func consumeAny() throws -> UInt8 {
+    public func consumeAny() throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8 {
         guard bytes.indices.contains(currentIndex) else {
-            throw StreamError<Element>.unexpectedEnd(expected: nil)
+            throw WasmParserError(kind: .unexpectedEnd(expected: nil), offset: self.currentIndex)
         }
 
         let consumed = bytes[currentIndex]
@@ -26,26 +44,31 @@ public final class StaticByteStream: ByteStream {
     }
 
     @discardableResult
-    public func consume(_ expected: Set<UInt8>) throws -> UInt8 {
+    public func consume(_ expected: Set<UInt8>) throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8 {
         guard bytes.indices.contains(currentIndex) else {
-            throw StreamError<Element>.unexpectedEnd(expected: Set(expected))
+            throw WasmParserError(kind: .unexpectedEnd(expected: Set(expected)), offset: currentIndex)
         }
 
         let consumed = bytes[currentIndex]
         guard expected.contains(consumed) else {
-            throw StreamError<Element>.unexpected(consumed, index: currentIndex, expected: Set(expected))
+            throw WasmParserError(
+                kind: .unexpectedByte(
+                    consumed,
+                    index: currentIndex,
+                    expected: Set(expected)
+                ), offset: currentIndex)
         }
 
         currentIndex = bytes.index(after: currentIndex)
         return consumed
     }
 
-    public func consume(count: Int) throws -> ArraySlice<UInt8> {
+    public func consume(count: Int) throws(WasmParserError) -> ArraySlice<UInt8> {
         guard count > 0 else { return [] }
         let updatedIndex = currentIndex + count
 
         guard bytes.indices.contains(updatedIndex - 1) else {
-            throw StreamError<Element>.unexpectedEnd(expected: nil)
+            throw WasmParserError(kind: .unexpectedEnd(expected: nil), offset: currentIndex)
         }
 
         defer { currentIndex = updatedIndex }
diff --git a/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/FileHandleStream.swift b/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/FileHandleStream.swift
index 5da02bf6..cb8950d6 100644
--- a/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/FileHandleStream.swift
+++ b/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/FileHandleStream.swift
@@ -17,18 +17,22 @@ public final class FileHandleStream: ByteStream {
         try readMoreIfNeeded()
     }
 
-    private func readMoreIfNeeded() throws {
+    private func readMoreIfNeeded() throws(WasmParserError) {
         guard Int(endOffset) == currentIndex else { return }
         startOffset = currentIndex
 
-        let data = try fileHandle.read(upToCount: bufferLength)
+        do {
+            let data = try fileHandle.read(upToCount: bufferLength)
 
-        bytes = [UInt8](data)
+            bytes = [UInt8](data)
+        } catch {
+            throw WasmParserError(kind: .unclassified(error), offset: currentIndex)
+        }
         endOffset = startOffset + bytes.count
     }
 
     @discardableResult
-    public func consumeAny() throws -> UInt8 {
+    public func consumeAny() throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8 {
         guard let consumed = try peek() else {
             throw WasmParserError(.unexpectedEnd, offset: currentIndex)
         }
@@ -37,18 +41,23 @@ public final class FileHandleStream: ByteStream {
     }
 
     @discardableResult
-    public func consume(_ expected: Set<UInt8>) throws -> UInt8 {
+    public func consume(_ expected: Set<UInt8>) throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8 {
         guard let consumed = try peek() else {
-            throw StreamError<UInt8>.unexpectedEnd(expected: Set(expected))
+            throw WasmParserError(kind: .unexpectedEnd(expected: Set(expected)), offset: currentIndex)
         }
         guard expected.contains(consumed) else {
-            throw StreamError<Element>.unexpected(consumed, index: currentIndex, expected: Set(expected))
+            throw WasmParserError(
+                kind: .unexpectedByte(
+                    consumed,
+                    index: currentIndex,
+                    expected: Set(expected)
+                ), offset: currentIndex)
         }
         currentIndex = bytes.index(after: currentIndex)
         return consumed
     }
 
-    public func consume(count: Int) throws -> ArraySlice<UInt8> {
+    public func consume(count: Int) throws(WasmParserError) -> ArraySlice<UInt8> {
         let bytesToRead = currentIndex + count - endOffset
 
         guard bytesToRead > 0 else {
@@ -58,9 +67,14 @@ public final class FileHandleStream: ByteStream {
             return result
         }
 
-        let data = try fileHandle.read(upToCount: bytesToRead)
+        let data: [UInt8]
+        do {
+            data = try fileHandle.read(upToCount: bytesToRead)
+        } catch {
+            throw WasmParserError(kind: .unclassified(error), offset: currentIndex)
+        }
         guard data.count == bytesToRead else {
-            throw StreamError<UInt8>.unexpectedEnd(expected: nil)
+            throw WasmParserError(kind: .unexpectedEnd(expected: nil), offset: currentIndex)
         }
 
         bytes.append(contentsOf: [UInt8](data))
@@ -74,7 +88,7 @@ public final class FileHandleStream: ByteStream {
         return result
     }
 
-    public func peek() throws -> UInt8? {
+    public func peek() throws(WasmParserError) -> UInt8? {
         try readMoreIfNeeded()
 
         let index = currentIndex - startOffset
diff --git a/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/Stream.swift b/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/Stream.swift
deleted file mode 100644
index 46225c12..00000000
--- a/Sources/WasmParser/Stream/Stream.swift
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-@usableFromInline
-enum StreamError<Element>: Swift.Error, Equatable where Element: Hashable & Sendable {
-    case unexpectedEnd(expected: Set<Element>?)
-    case unexpected(Element, index: Int, expected: Set<Element>?)
-}
-
-public protocol Stream {
-    associatedtype Element: Hashable
-
-    var currentIndex: Int { get }
-
-    func consumeAny() throws -> Element
-    func consume(_ expected: Set<Element>) throws -> Element
-    func consume(count: Int) throws -> ArraySlice<Element>
-
-    func peek() throws -> Element?
-}
-
-extension Stream {
-    func consume(_ expected: Element) throws -> Element {
-        try consume(Set([expected]))
-    }
-
-    @usableFromInline
-    func hasReachedEnd() throws -> Bool {
-        try peek() == nil
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Sources/WasmParser/WasmParser.swift b/Sources/WasmParser/WasmParser.swift
index 90372ad0..f08e61a2 100644
--- a/Sources/WasmParser/WasmParser.swift
+++ b/Sources/WasmParser/WasmParser.swift
@@ -217,19 +217,64 @@ public struct WasmParserError: Swift.Error {
         }
     }
 
-    let message: Message
-    let offset: Int
+    @usableFromInline
+    enum Kind: Sendable {
+        case message(Message)
+        case unexpectedEnd(expected: Set<UInt8>?)
+        case unexpectedByte(UInt8, index: Int, expected: Set<UInt8>?)
+        case unclassified(any Error)
+    }
+
+    let kind: Kind
+    let offset: Int?
 
+    @usableFromInline
+    init(kind: Kind, offset: Int) {
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.offset = offset
+    }
+}
+
+extension WasmParserError {
     @usableFromInline
     init(_ message: Message, offset: Int) {
-        self.message = message
+        self.kind = .message(message)
         self.offset = offset
     }
 }
 
+extension BinaryInteger {
+    var hexString: String {
+        "0x\(String(self, radix: 16))"
+    }
+}
+
 extension WasmParserError: CustomStringConvertible {
     public var description: String {
-        return "\"\(message)\" at offset 0x\(String(offset, radix: 16))"
+        var result: String
+        switch self.kind {
+        case .message(let message):
+            result = message.text
+        case .unexpectedEnd(let expected):
+            var result = "Unexpected end of byte sequence."
+            if let expected, expected.count > 0 {
+                result.append(contentsOf: " Expected one of \(expected.map {$0.hexString}).")
+            }
+            return result
+        case .unexpectedByte(let byte, let index, let expected):
+            result = "Unexpected byte \(byte.hexString) at index \(index.hexString)."
+            if let expected, expected.count > 0 {
+                result.append(contentsOf: " Expected one of \(expected.map {$0.hexString}).")
+            }
+        case .unclassified(let error):
+            result = "\(error)"
+        }
+
+        if let offset {
+            return "\"\(result)\" raised at offset 0x\(String(offset, radix: 16))"
+        } else {
+            return result
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -595,7 +640,10 @@ extension Parser {
         case 0x6F:
             elementType = .externRef
         default:
-            throw StreamError.unexpected(b, index: offset, expected: [0x6F, 0x70])
+            throw WasmParserError(
+                kind: .unexpectedByte(b, index: offset, expected: [0x6F, 0x70]),
+                offset: stream.currentIndex
+            )
         }
 
         let limits = try parseLimits()