diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField.hpp
index 34f4f02..09e7994 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 template< uint16_t w >
 struct FixedWidthField {
+
   /* convenience typedefs */
   template< typename T >
   using ArgumentType =
@@ -8,11 +9,12 @@ struct FixedWidthField {
       T, std::add_const_t < std::add_lvalue_reference_t< T > > >;
 
   constexpr static bool
-  isSpace( const char c ){ return c == ' ' or c == '\t'; }
+  isSpace( const char c ) { return c == ' ' or c == '\t'; }
 
   template< typename Iterator >
   constexpr static bool
-  isNewline( const char c, Iterator& it ){
+  isNewline( const char c, Iterator& it ) {
+
     return
       c == '\n'
       or c == '\f'
@@ -28,5 +30,4 @@ struct FixedWidthField {
   isEOF( const char c ){ return c == std::char_traits<char>::eof(); }
 
   #include "disco/FixedWidthField/src/whiteSpace.hpp"
-  
 };
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real.hpp
index f19769f..d0734fc 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real.hpp
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ struct Real : public FixedWidthField< w >{
   /* constants */
   static constexpr uint16_t width = w;
 
-  /* convenience typedefs */
-  using FixedWidthField_ = FixedWidthField< w >;
-
   template< typename Iterator >
   static void write( Iterator& it ){ ColumnPosition< w >::write( it ); }
 
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/ENDF/test/write.test.cpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/ENDF/test/write.test.cpp
index 6709607..14a86ea 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/ENDF/test/write.test.cpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/ENDF/test/write.test.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 #include <iterator>
 #include <string>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <vector>
-#include <sstream>
 
 #include "disco.hpp"
 #include "catch.hpp"
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/noDigits.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/noDigits.hpp
index 5afe2d1..0b489e8 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/noDigits.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/noDigits.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 template< typename UnsignedInteger >
 static uint16_t
-noDigits( UnsignedInteger mantissa ){
+noDigits( UnsignedInteger mantissa ) {
+  
   if ( mantissa < 10ull ){ return 1; };
   if ( mantissa < 100ull ){ return 2; };
   if ( mantissa < 1000ull ){ return 3; };
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseBase.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseBase.hpp
index e7379b5..4d93e3b 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseBase.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseBase.hpp
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 template< typename Iterator >
 static uint64_t
-parseBase( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position, bool& success ){
-  uint64_t base = ( success = isdigit( *it ) ) ? (*it - 48) : 0;
-  if ( success ){
+parseBase( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position, bool& success ) {
+
+  uint64_t base = ( success = isdigit( *it ) ) ? ( *it - 48 ) : 0;
+  if ( success ) {
+
     ++position; ++it;
     while ( position < width ) {
+
       if ( not isdigit( *it ) ) { break; }
       // TODO: overflow check
-      base = ( 10 * base ) + (*it - 48);
+      base = ( 10 * base ) + ( *it - 48 );
       ++position; ++it;
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseExponent.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseExponent.hpp
index 46e9572..bc82a35 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseExponent.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseExponent.hpp
@@ -1,49 +1,81 @@
 template< typename Iterator >
 static int64_t
-parseExponent( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position ){
+parseExponent( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position ) {
+
   int16_t sign = 1;
 
-  auto boundCheck = []( auto p ){
-    if ( unlikely( p == width ) ){
+  auto boundCheck = [] ( auto p ) {
+
+    if ( unlikely( p == width ) ) {
+
       throw std::runtime_error ("illegal exponent format");
     }
   };
 
   const auto first = toupper(*it);
-
   switch( first ) {
-  case 'E':
-  case 'D':
-    ++position; ++it;
-    boundCheck( position );
-    switch( *it ){
-    case '-':
+
+    case 'E' :
+    case 'D' : {
+
+      ++position; ++it;
+      boundCheck( position );
+      switch( *it ) {
+        case '-' : {
+
+          sign = -1;
+          // fall through
+        }
+        case '+' : {
+
+          ++position; ++it;
+          boundCheck( position );
+        }
+        default : break;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case '-' : {
+
       sign = -1;
       // fall through
-    case '+':
+    }
+    case '+' : {
+
       ++position; ++it;
       boundCheck( position );
-    default: break;
+      break;
     }
-    break;
-  case '-':
-    sign = -1;
-    // fall through
-  case '+':
-    ++position; ++it;
-    boundCheck( position );
-    break;
-  default:
-    return 0;
+    default : return 0;
   }
 
-  if ( unlikely( not isdigit( *it ) ) ){
-    throw std::runtime_error
-      ("illegal character encountered while parsing real number exponent");
+  if ( unlikely( not isdigit( *it ) ) ) {
+
+    if ( *it == ' ' ) {
+
+      // older versions of fortran printed ' ' instead of '0'
+      do {
+
+        ++position; ++it;
+      } while ( position < width and ( *it == ' ' ) );
+
+      boundCheck( position );
+      if ( unlikely( not isdigit( *it ) ) ) {
+
+        throw std::runtime_error
+          ("illegal character encountered while parsing real number exponent");
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+
+      throw std::runtime_error
+        ("illegal character encountered while parsing real number exponent");
+    }
   }
 
   uint64_t exponent = 0;
   do {
+
     exponent = 10 * exponent + ( *it - '0' );
     ++position; ++it;
   } while ( position < width and isdigit( *it ) );
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseFraction.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseFraction.hpp
index 21db701..4365559 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseFraction.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseFraction.hpp
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 template< typename Iterator >
 static uint64_t
-parseFraction( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position, bool& success ){
+parseFraction( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position, bool& success ) {
+
   uint64_t fraction = 0;
   success = false;
-  if ( *it == '.' ){
+  if ( *it == '.' ) {
+
     const auto initialPosition = ++position;
     ++it;
     while ( position < width  ) {
+
       if ( not isdigit( *it ) ) { break; }
       //TODO: overflow check
-      fraction = 10 * fraction + (*it - 48);
+      fraction = 10 * fraction + ( *it - 48 );
       ++position; ++it;
     }
     success = initialPosition != position;
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseInfinity.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseInfinity.hpp
index e58a7e6..a05c02a 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseInfinity.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseInfinity.hpp
@@ -1,27 +1,31 @@
 template< typename Iterator >
 static bool
-parseInfinity( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position ){
-  auto canProceed = [&it](){
-    return not ( FixedWidthField_::isEOF(*it)
-		 or FixedWidthField_::isNewline(*it, it));
+parseInfinity( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position ) {
+
+  auto canProceed = [&it]() {
+
+    return not ( FixedWidthField< w >::isEOF( *it )
+		 or FixedWidthField< w >::isNewline( *it, it ) );
   };
-  
-  const auto remainingWidth = int(w) - position;
+
+  const auto remainingWidth = int( w ) - position;
   bool success = false;
-  if ( remainingWidth >= 3 ){
+  if ( remainingWidth >= 3 ) {
+
     position += 3;
-    success = 
+    success =
       ( toupper( *it++ ) == 'I' )
       and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'N' )
-      and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'F' );    
-    if ( success and remainingWidth >= 8 and toupper(*it) == 'I' ){
+      and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'F' );
+    if ( success and remainingWidth >= 8 and toupper( *it ) == 'I' ) {
+
       position += 5;
       ++it;
-      success = 
+      success =
         ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'N' )
-	and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'I' )
-	and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'T' )
-	and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'Y' );
+      	and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'I' )
+      	and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'T' )
+      	and ( canProceed() and toupper( *it++ ) == 'Y' );
     }
   }
   return success;
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseSign.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseSign.hpp
index 53719e3..251b781 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseSign.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/parseSign.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 template< typename Iterator >
-static int16_t parseSign( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position ){
-  switch ( *it ){
-  case '+': ++it; ++position; return 1;
-  case '-': ++it; ++position; return -1;
-  default: return 1;
+static int16_t parseSign( Iterator& it, uint16_t& position ) {
+
+  switch ( *it ) {
+
+    case '+': ++it; ++position; return 1;
+    case '-': ++it; ++position; return -1;
+    default: return 1;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/read.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/read.hpp
index 15be87e..6c48941 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/read.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/src/read.hpp
@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
 template< typename Representation, typename Iterator, bool trust = true >
 static Representation
-read( Iterator& it, const Iterator& ){
-  auto position = FixedWidthField_::whiteSpace( it );
+read( Iterator& it, const Iterator& ) {
+
+  auto position = FixedWidthField< w >::whiteSpace( it );
+
+  if( FixedWidthField< w >::isNewline(*it, it) or FixedWidthField< w >::isEOF(*it) ) {
 
-  if( FixedWidthField_::isNewline(*it, it) or FixedWidthField_::isEOF(*it) ){
     return Representation(0.0);
   }
 
-  if ( position == w ){
+  if ( position == w ) {
+
     ++it;
     return Representation(0.0);
   }
 
-  const auto value = [&]{
+  const auto value = [&] {
+
     const auto sign = Real::parseSign(it, position);
 
-    if ( unlikely( position == width ) ){
+    if ( unlikely( position == width ) ) {
+
       throw std::runtime_error("cannot parse invalid real number");
     }
 
     bool baseSuccess = false;
     auto base = Real::parseBase(it, position, baseSuccess);
 
-    if ( position == width ){
+    if ( position == width ) {
+
       return Representation( sign * int64_t( base ) );
     }
 
@@ -31,47 +37,62 @@ read( Iterator& it, const Iterator& ){
     const auto fraction = Real::parseFraction( it, position, fractionSuccess );
     const auto foundDecimal = decimalPosition != position;
 
-    const auto noFractionDigits =
+    const auto numberFractionDigits =
       fractionSuccess
       * ( position - decimalPosition - (position != width - 1) );
 
-    if ( position == width ){
-      const auto factor =
-        realExponentiation< Representation >::cache( -noFractionDigits );
-      return sign * ( base + fraction * Representation(factor) );
-    }
+    // ensure that something like '  .    ' always fails
+    if ( unlikely( not baseSuccess && not fractionSuccess ) ) {
 
-    if ( unlikely( not baseSuccess && not fractionSuccess ) ){
       const bool succeeded =
         not foundDecimal and Real::parseInfinity( it, position );
-      if ( unlikely( not succeeded ) ){
+      if ( unlikely( not succeeded ) ) {
+
         throw std::runtime_error("cannot parse invalid real number");
       }
 
       return sign * std::numeric_limits< Representation >::infinity();
     }
 
+    // read over possible trailing white space between the fraction and exponent
+    while( FixedWidthField< w >::isSpace( *it ) and position < w ) {
+
+      ++position;
+      ++it;
+    }
+
+    // no need to continue if we are at the end
+    if ( position == width ) {
+
+      const auto factor =
+        realExponentiation< Representation >::cache( -numberFractionDigits );
+      return sign * ( base + fraction * Representation(factor) );
+    }
+
     const auto exponent =
-      Real::parseExponent( it, position ) - noFractionDigits;
+      Real::parseExponent( it, position ) - numberFractionDigits;
 
     if ( unlikely( exponent
-                   < std::numeric_limits< Representation >::min_exponent10 ) ){
+                   < std::numeric_limits< Representation >::min_exponent10 ) ) {
+
       return sign * 0.0;
     }
 
     if ( unlikely( exponent
-                   > std::numeric_limits< Representation >::max_exponent10 ) ){
+                   > std::numeric_limits< Representation >::max_exponent10 ) ) {
+
       return sign * std::numeric_limits< Representation >::infinity();
     }
 
     const auto factor =
-      integerExponentiation< int64_t >::cache( noFractionDigits );
+      integerExponentiation< int64_t >::cache( numberFractionDigits );
 
     return sign * int64_t( base * factor + fraction )
      * realExponentiation< Representation >::cache( exponent );
   }();
 
-  if ( unlikely( not FixedWidthField_::whiteSpace(it, position) ) ){
+  if ( unlikely( not FixedWidthField< w >::whiteSpace(it, position) ) ) {
+
     throw std::runtime_error("cannot parse invalid real number");
   }
 
@@ -80,6 +101,7 @@ read( Iterator& it, const Iterator& ){
 
 template< typename Iterator, bool trust = true >
 static double
-read( Iterator& it, const Iterator& end ){
-  return read<double>( it, end );
+read( Iterator& it, const Iterator& end ) {
+
+  return read< double >( it, end );
 }
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseBase.test.cpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseBase.test.cpp
index 2ef8392..1ec8620 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseBase.test.cpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseBase.test.cpp
@@ -1,26 +1,48 @@
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "disco.hpp"
 #include "catch.hpp"
 
-SCENARIO("Real parse base", "[Real], [parseBase]"){
-  std::vector< std::string >
-    test_strings{ {"123"}, {"123."}, {"123.000"} };
-  uint16_t p;
-  bool success;
-  for (unsigned i = 0; i < test_strings.size(); ++i){
-    p = 0;
-    auto si = test_strings[i].begin();
-    REQUIRE( 123 == njoy::disco::Real<5>::parseBase( si, p, success ) );
-    REQUIRE( success == true );
-    REQUIRE( p == 3 );
+SCENARIO( "Real - parse base" ) {
+
+  auto parse = [] ( const std::string string,
+                    uint16_t& position, bool& success ) {
+
+    position = 0;
+    success = false;
+    auto iter = string.begin();
+    return njoy::disco::Real< 5 >::parseBase( iter, position, success );
+  };
+
+  THEN( "valid base strings can be read up to the correct position" ) {
+
+    uint16_t position = 0;
+    bool success = false;
+
+    CHECK( 123 == parse( "123", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == true );
+    CHECK( position == 3 );
+    CHECK( 123 == parse( "123.", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == true );
+    CHECK( position == 3 );
+    CHECK( 123 == parse( "123.000", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == true );
+    CHECK( position == 3 );
+    CHECK( 123 == parse( "123 ", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == true );
+    CHECK( position == 3 );
   }
 
-  std::string baseless(".123");
-  p = 0;
-  auto si = baseless.begin();
-  njoy::disco::Real<5>::parseBase( si, p, success );
-  REQUIRE( p == 0 );
-  REQUIRE( success == false );
+  THEN( "a base value cannot be read if the string has no base value" ) {
+
+    uint16_t position = 0;
+    bool success = false;
+
+    CHECK( 0 == parse( ".123", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == false );
+    CHECK( position == 0 );
+    CHECK( 0 == parse( "a123", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == false );
+    CHECK( position == 0 );
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseExponent.test.cpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseExponent.test.cpp
index f906a6c..d6e29a1 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseExponent.test.cpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseExponent.test.cpp
@@ -1,24 +1,104 @@
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "disco.hpp"
 #include "catch.hpp"
 
-SCENARIO("Real parse exponent", "[Real], [parseExponent]"){
-  std::vector< std::string >
-    test_strings{ {"+123"}, {"-123"},
-                  {"E123"}, {"E+123"}, {"E-123"},
-                  {"e123"}, {"e+123"}, {"e-123"},
-                  {"D123"}, {"D+123"}, {"D-123"},
-                  {"d123"}, {"d+123"}, {"d-123"} };
-  uint16_t p = 0;
-  bool success;
-  for (unsigned i = 0; i < test_strings.size(); ++i){
-    p = 0; auto si = test_strings[i].begin();
-    if ( (i + 1) % 3 == 2 ){
-      REQUIRE( -123 == njoy::disco::Real<5>::parseExponent( si, p ) );
-    } else {
-      REQUIRE( 123 == njoy::disco::Real<5>::parseExponent( si, p ) );
-    }
+SCENARIO( "Real - parse exponent" ) {
+
+  auto parse = [] ( const std::string string, uint16_t& position ) {
+
+    auto iter = string.begin();
+    position = 0;
+    return njoy::disco::Real< 6 >::parseExponent( iter, position );
+  };
+
+  THEN( "valid exponent strings can be read up to the correct position" )
+  {
+    uint16_t position = 0;
+
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "+123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "+ 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "E+123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "E+ 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "E123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "E 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "e+123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "e+ 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "e123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "e 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "D+123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "D+ 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "D123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "D 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "d+123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "d+ 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "d123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "d 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "-123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "- 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "E-123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "E- 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "e-123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "e- 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "D-123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "D- 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "d-123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 5 == position );
+    CHECK( -123 == parse( "d- 123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 6 == position );
+
+    // exponent is only read up to the first non-digit
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "+123 ", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+    CHECK( +123 == parse( "+123a", position ) );
+    CHECK( 4 == position );
+  }
+
+  THEN( "invalid exponent strings cause an exception" )
+  {
+    uint16_t position = 0;
+
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "-a123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "+a123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "E-a123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "E+a123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "D-a123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "D+a123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "E -123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "E +123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "D -123", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "D +123", position ) );
+
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "-  a3", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "-    ", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "+  a3", position ) );
+    CHECK_THROWS( parse( "+    ", position ) );
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseFraction.test.cpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseFraction.test.cpp
index 72015c2..c62ee29 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseFraction.test.cpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseFraction.test.cpp
@@ -1,25 +1,52 @@
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "disco.hpp"
 #include "catch.hpp"
 
-SCENARIO("Real parse fraction", "[Real], [parseFraction]"){
-  std::vector< std::string > test_strings{ {".123"}, {".123E"} };
-  uint16_t p = 0;
-  bool success;
-  for (unsigned i = 0; i < test_strings.size(); ++i){
-    p = 0; auto si = test_strings[i].begin();
-    REQUIRE( 123 == njoy::disco::Real<5>::parseFraction( si, p, success ) );
-    REQUIRE( success == true );
+SCENARIO( "Real - parse fraction" ) {
+
+  auto parse = [] ( const std::string string,
+                    uint16_t& position, bool& success ) {
+
+    position = 0;
+    success = false;
+    auto iter = string.begin();
+    return njoy::disco::Real< 6 >::parseFraction( iter, position, success );
+  };
+
+  THEN( "valid fraction strings can be read up to the correct position" ) {
+
+    uint16_t position = 0;
+    bool success = false;
+
+    CHECK( 123 == parse( ".123", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == true );
+    CHECK( position == 4 );
+    CHECK( 123 == parse( ".123E", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == true );
+    CHECK( position == 4 );
+    CHECK( 123 == parse( ".123 E", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == true );
+    CHECK( position == 4 );
   }
-  REQUIRE( p == 4 );
-  
-  std::string fractionless("123");
-  p = 0;
-  auto si = fractionless.begin();
-  njoy::disco::Real<5>::parseFraction( si, p, success );
-  REQUIRE( p == 0 );
-  REQUIRE( success == false );
-}
 
+  THEN( "a fraction value cannot be read if the string does not start with "
+        "a decimal point" ) {
+
+    uint16_t position = 0;
+    bool success = false;
+
+    CHECK( 0 == parse( " .123", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == false );
+    CHECK( position == 0 );
+    CHECK( 0 == parse( "a123", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == false );
+    CHECK( position == 0 );
+    CHECK( 0 == parse( "123", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == false );
+    CHECK( position == 0 );
+    CHECK( 0 == parse( ".   E", position, success ) );
+    CHECK( success == false );
+    CHECK( position == 1 );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseSign.test.cpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseSign.test.cpp
index da3860b..b8a471f 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseSign.test.cpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/parseSign.test.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "disco.hpp"
 #include "catch.hpp"
 
-SCENARIO("Real parse sign", "[Real], [parseSign]"){
-  std::vector< std::string >
-    test_strings{ {" 123."}, {"+123."}, {"-123."} };
-  std::vector< int >
-    signs = { 1, 1, -1 };
-  for (unsigned i = 0; i < signs.size(); ++i){
-    uint16_t p = 0u;
-    auto si = test_strings[i].begin();
-    REQUIRE( signs[i] == njoy::disco::Real<5>::parseSign( si, p ) );
+SCENARIO( "Real - parse sign" ) {
+
+  auto parse = [] ( const std::string string, uint16_t& position ) {
+
+    position = 0;
+    auto iter = string.begin();
+    return njoy::disco::Real< 5 >::parseSign( iter, position );
+  };
+
+  THEN( "valid sign strings can be read up to the correct position" )
+  {
+    uint16_t position = 0;
+
+    CHECK( +1 == parse( "123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 0 == position );
+    CHECK( +1 == parse( "+123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 1 == position );
+    CHECK( -1 == parse( "-123", position ) );
+    CHECK( 1 == position );
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/read.test.cpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/read.test.cpp
index adbb197..9bac54a 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/read.test.cpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/Real/test/read.test.cpp
@@ -5,359 +5,873 @@
 #include "disco.hpp"
 #include "catch.hpp"
 
-SCENARIO("Real read", "[Real], [read]"){
-  GIVEN("A collection of strings and corresponding double values"){
-    std::vector< std::pair< double, std::string > >
-      testset{ {    123., {"      +123"} },
-               {    123., {"     123.0"} },
-               { 123.123, {"   123.123"} },
-               {    -123, {"      -123"} },
-               {    1E99, {"      1E99"} },
-               {   1.E99, {"    1.E+99"} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"     1E-99"} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"    1.0-99"} },
-               {    123., {"+123      "} },
-               {    123., {"123.0     "} },
-               { 123.123, {"123.123   "} },
-               {    -123, {"-123      "} },
-               {    1E99, {"1E99      "} },
-               {   1.E99, {"1.E+99    "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"1E-99     "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"1.0-99    "} },
-               {    123., {"  +123    "} },
-               {    123., {"  123.0   "} },
-               { 123.123, {" 123.123  "} },
-               {    -123, {"  -123    "} },
-               {    1E99, {"    1E99  "} },
-               {   1.E99, {"  1.E+99  "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"   1E-99  "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"  1.0-99  "} } };
-
-    THEN("the string will parse to the corresponding value"){
-      for ( const auto& pair : testset ){
-        const auto& reference = std::get<0>(pair);
-        const auto& string = std::get<1>(pair);
-
-        auto begin = string.begin();
-        auto end = string.end();
-        auto result = njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end);
-        auto error = std::abs( ( result - reference ) / reference );
-        REQUIRE( error < 1E-15 );
-        REQUIRE( end - begin == 0 );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  GIVEN("A collection of strings and corresponding double values with 11 digits"){
-    std::vector< std::pair< double, std::string > >
-      testset{ {    123., {"       +123"} },
-               {    123., {"      123.0"} },
-               { 123.123, {"    123.123"} },
-               {    -123, {"       -123"} },
-               {    1E99, {"       1E99"} },
-               {   1.E99, {"     1.E+99"} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"      1E-99"} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"     1.0-99"} },
-               {    100., {"10.000000+1"} },
-               {    100., {" 1.000000+2"} },
-               {    123., {"+123       "} },
-               {    123., {"123.0      "} },
-               { 123.123, {"123.123    "} },
-               {    -123, {"-123       "} },
-               {    1E99, {"1E99       "} },
-               {   1.E99, {"1.E+99     "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"1E-99      "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"1.0-99     "} },
-               {    123., {"  +123     "} },
-               {    123., {"  123.0    "} },
-               { 123.123, {" 123.123   "} },
-               {    -123, {"  -123     "} },
-               {    1E99, {"    1E99   "} },
-               {   1.E99, {"  1.E+99   "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"   1E-99   "} },
-               {  1.E-99, {"  1.0-99   "} } };
-
-    THEN("the string will parse to the corresponding value"){
-      for ( const auto& pair : testset ){
-        const auto& reference = std::get<0>(pair);
-        const auto& string = std::get<1>(pair);
-
-        auto begin = string.begin();
-        auto end = string.end();
-        auto result = njoy::disco::Real<11>::read<double>(begin, end);
-        auto error = std::abs( ( result - reference ) / reference );
-        REQUIRE( error < 1E-15 );
-        REQUIRE( end - begin == 0 );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  GIVEN("a blank string"){
-    std::string blank {"          "};
-    THEN("the string will be parsed to zero"){
-      auto begin = blank.begin();
-      auto end = blank.end();
-      auto result = njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end);
-      REQUIRE( result == 0 );
-      REQUIRE( end - begin == 0 );
-    }
-  }
-
-  GIVEN("a strings truncated with newline or EOF characters"){
-    std::string ten = "   10  ";
-
-    std::vector<std::string> truncatedStrings
-    { {ten + '\n'},
-      {ten + char{std::char_traits<char>::eof()}} };
-
-    THEN("parsing will terminate at the last character"){
-      for( const auto& string : truncatedStrings ){
-        auto begin = string.begin();
-        auto end = string.end();
-        auto result = njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end);
-        REQUIRE( result == 10.0 );
-        REQUIRE( *begin == string.back() );
-        REQUIRE( end - begin  == 1 );
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  std::vector< std::string >
-    zero = {  "         0", "       0E0", "      0E+0", "      0E-0",
-              "       0e0", "      0e+0", "      0e-0", "       0D0",
-              "      0D+0", "      0D-0", "       0d0", "      0d+0",
-              "      0d-0", "       0+0", "       0-0", "        0.",
-              "      0.E0", "     0.E+0", "     0.E-0", "      0.e0",
-              "     0.e+0", "     0.e-0", "      0.D0", "     0.D+0",
-              "     0.D-0", "      0.d0", "     0.d+0", "     0.d-0",
-              "      0.+0", "      0.-0", "       0.0", "     0.0E0",
-              "    0.0E+0", "    0.0E-0", "     0.0e0", "    0.0e+0",
-              "    0.0e-0", "     0.0D0", "    0.0D+0", "    0.0D-0",
-              "     0.0d0", "    0.0d+0", "    0.0d-0", "     0.0+0",
-              "     0.0-0", "        +0", "      +0E0", "     +0E+0",
-              "     +0E-0", "      +0e0", "     +0e+0", "     +0e-0",
-              "      +0D0", "     +0D+0", "     +0D-0", "      +0d0",
-              "     +0d+0", "     +0d-0", "      +0+0", "      +0-0",
-              "       +0.", "     +0.E0", "    +0.E+0", "    +0.E-0",
-              "     +0.e0", "    +0.e+0", "    +0.e-0", "     +0.D0",
-              "    +0.D+0", "    +0.D-0", "     +0.d0", "    +0.d+0",
-              "    +0.d-0", "     +0.+0", "     +0.-0", "      +0.0",
-              "    +0.0E0", "   +0.0E+0", "   +0.0E-0", "    +0.0e0",
-              "   +0.0e+0", "   +0.0e-0", "    +0.0D0", "   +0.0D+0",
-              "   +0.0D-0", "    +0.0d0", "   +0.0d+0", "   +0.0d-0",
-              "    +0.0+0", "    +0.0-0", "        -0", "      -0E0",
-              "     -0E+0", "     -0E-0", "      -0e0", "     -0e+0",
-              "     -0e-0", "      -0D0", "     -0D+0", "     -0D-0",
-              "      -0d0", "     -0d+0", "     -0d-0", "      -0+0",
-              "      -0-0", "       -0.", "     -0.E0", "    -0.E+0",
-              "    -0.E-0", "     -0.e0", "    -0.e+0", "    -0.e-0",
-              "     -0.D0", "    -0.D+0", "    -0.D-0", "     -0.d0",
-              "    -0.d+0", "    -0.d-0", "     -0.+0", "     -0.-0",
-              "      -0.0", "    -0.0E0", "   -0.0E+0", "   -0.0E-0",
-              "    -0.0e0", "   -0.0e+0", "   -0.0e-0", "    -0.0D0",
-              "   -0.0D+0", "   -0.0D-0", "    -0.0d0", "   -0.0d+0",
-              "   -0.0d-0", "    -0.0+0", "    -0.0-0", "       0E1",
-              "      0E+1", "       0e1", "      0e+1", "       0D1",
-              "      0D+1", "       0d1", "      0d+1", "       0+1",
-              "      +0E1", "     +0E+1", "      +0e1", "     +0e+1",
-              "      +0D1", "     +0D+1", "      +0d1", "     +0d+1",
-              "      +0+1", "      0E-1", "      0e-1", "      0D-1",
-              "      0d-1", "       0-1", "     +0E-1", "     +0e-1",
-              "     +0D-1", "     +0d-1", "      +0-1", "      -0E1",
-              "     -0E+1", "      -0e1", "     -0e+1", "      -0D1",
-              "     -0D+1", "      -0d1", "     -0d+1", "      -0+1",
-              "     -0E-1", "     -0e-1", "     -0D-1", "     -0d-1",
-              "      -0-1", "          " };
-
-  for ( auto& test_string : zero ){
-    auto begin = test_string.begin();
-    auto end = test_string.end();
-    auto result = njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end);
-    REQUIRE( result == 0 );
-    REQUIRE( end - begin == 0 );
-  }
-
-  const std::unordered_map
-             < double, std::vector<std::string> > valid =
-    {{    -0.5, { "       -.5", "     -.5E0", "    -.5E+0", "    -.5E-0",
-                  "     -.5e0", "    -.5e+0", "    -.5e-0", "     -.5D0",
-                  "    -.5D+0", "    -.5D-0", "     -.5d0", "    -.5d+0",
-                  "    -.5d-0", "     -.5+0", "     -.5-0", "      -0.5",
-                  "    -0.5E0", "   -0.5E+0", "   -0.5E-0", "    -0.5e0",
-                  "   -0.5e+0", "   -0.5e-0", "    -0.5D0", "   -0.5D+0",
-                  "   -0.5D-0", "    -0.5d0", "   -0.5d+0", "   -0.5d-0",
-                  "     -0.50", "    -0.5-0", "     -0.50", "   -0.50E0",
-                  "  -0.50E+0", "  -0.50E-0", "   -0.50e0", "  -0.50e+0",
-                  "  -0.50e-0", "   -0.50D0", "  -0.50D+0", "  -0.50D-0",
-                  "   -0.50d0", "  -0.50d+0", "  -0.50d-0", "   -0.50+0",
-                  "   -0.50-0", "      -.50", "    -.50E0", "   -.50E+0",
-                  "   -.50E-0", "    -.50e0", "   -.50e+0", "   -.50e-0",
-                  "    -.50D0", "   -.50D+0", "   -.50D-0", "    -.50d0",
-                  "   -.50d+0", "   -.50d-0", "    -.50+0", "    -.50-0",
-                  "   -0.05E1", "  -0.05E+1", "   -0.05e1", "  -0.05e+1",
-                  "   -0.05D1", "  -0.05D+1", "   -0.05d1", "  -0.05d+1",
-                  "   -0.05+1", "     -5E-1", "     -5e-1", "     -5D-1",
-                  "     -5d-1", "      -5-1"}},
-     {     0.5, { "        .5", "      .5E0", "     .5E+0", "     .5E-0",
-                  "      .5e0", "     .5e+0", "     .5e-0", "      .5D0",
-                  "     .5D+0", "     .5D-0", "      .5d0", "     .5d+0",
-                  "     .5d-0", "      .5+0", "      .5-0", "       0.5",
-                  "     0.5E0", "    0.5E+0", "    0.5E-0", "     0.5e0",
-                  "    0.5e+0", "    0.5e-0", "     0.5D0", "    0.5D+0",
-                  "    0.5D-0", "     0.5d0", "    0.5d+0", "    0.5d-0",
-                  "      0.50", "     0.5-0", "      0.50", "    0.50E0",
-                  "   0.50E+0", "   0.50E-0", "    0.50e0", "   0.50e+0",
-                  "   0.50e-0", "    0.50D0", "   0.50D+0", "   0.50D-0",
-                  "    0.50d0", "   0.50d+0", "   0.50d-0", "    0.50+0",
-                  "    0.50-0", "       .50", "     .50E0", "    .50E+0",
-                  "    .50E-0", "     .50e0", "    .50e+0", "    .50e-0",
-                  "     .50D0", "    .50D+0", "    .50D-0", "     .50d0",
-                  "    .50d+0", "    .50d-0", "     .50+0", "     .50-0",
-                  "       +.5", "     +.5E0", "    +.5E+0", "    +.5E-0",
-                  "     +.5e0", "    +.5e+0", "    +.5e-0", "     +.5D0",
-                  "    +.5D+0", "    +.5D-0", "     +.5d0", "    +.5d+0",
-                  "    +.5d-0", "     +.5+0", "     +.5-0", "      +0.5",
-                  "    +0.5E0", "   +0.5E+0", "   +0.5E-0", "    +0.5e0",
-                  "   +0.5e+0", "   +0.5e-0", "    +0.5D0", "   +0.5D+0",
-                  "   +0.5D-0", "    +0.5d0", "   +0.5d+0", "   +0.5d-0",
-                  "     +0.50", "    +0.5-0", "     +0.50", "   +0.50E0",
-                  "  +0.50E+0", "  +0.50E-0", "   +0.50e0", "  +0.50e+0",
-                  "  +0.50e-0", "   +0.50D0", "  +0.50D+0", "  +0.50D-0",
-                  "   +0.50d0", "  +0.50d+0", "  +0.50d-0", "   +0.50+0",
-                  "   +0.50-0", "      +.50", "    +.50E0", "   +.50E+0",
-                  "   +.50E-0", "    +.50e0", "   +.50e+0", "   +.50e-0",
-                  "    +.50D0", "   +.50D+0", "   +.50D-0", "    +.50d0",
-                  "   +.50d+0", "   +.50d-0", "    +.50+0", "    +.50-0",
-                  "    0.05E1", "   0.05E+1", "    0.05e1", "   0.05e+1",
-                  "    0.05D1", "   0.05D+1", "    0.05d1", "   0.05d+1",
-                  "    0.05+1", "   +0.05E1", "  +0.05E+1", "   +0.05e1",
-                  "  +0.05e+1", "   +0.05D1", "  +0.05D+1", "   +0.05d1",
-                  "  +0.05d+1", "   +0.05+1", "      5E-1", "      5e-1",
-                  "      5D-1", "      5d-1", "       5-1", "     +5E-1",
-                  "     +5e-1", "     +5D-1", "     +5d-1", "      +5-1" }},
-     {   -10.0, { "       -10", "     -10E0", "    -10E+0", "    -10E-0",
-                  "     -10e0", "    -10e+0", "    -10e-0", "     -10D0",
-                  "    -10D+0", "    -10D-0", "     -10d0", "    -10d+0",
-                  "    -10d-0", "     -10+0", "     -10-0", "      -10.",
-                  "    -10.E0", "   -10.E+0", "   -10.E-0", "    -10.e0",
-                  "   -10.e+0", "   -10.e-0", "    -10.D0", "   -10.D+0",
-                  "   -10.D-0", "    -10.d0", "   -10.d+0", "   -10.d-0",
-                  "    -10.+0", "    -10.-0", "     -10.0", "   -10.0E0",
-                  "  -10.0E+0", "  -10.0E-0", "   -10.0e0", "  -10.0e+0",
-                  "  -10.0e-0", "   -10.0D0", "  -10.0D+0", "  -10.0D-0",
-                  "   -10.0d0", "  -10.0d+0", "  -10.0d-0", "   -10.0+0",
-                  "   -10.0-0", "      -1E1", "     -1E+1", "      -1e1",
-                  "     -1e+1", "      -1D1", "     -1D+1", "      -1d1",
-                  "     -1d+1", "      -1+1", "   -100E-1", "   -100e-1",
-                  "   -100D-1", "   -100d-1", "    -100-1"}},
-     {    10.0, { "        10", "      10E0", "     10E+0", "     10E-0",
-                  "      10e0", "     10e+0", "     10e-0", "      10D0",
-                  "     10D+0", "     10D-0", "      10d0", "     10d+0",
-                  "     10d-0", "      10+0", "      10-0", "       10.",
-                  "     10.E0", "    10.E+0", "    10.E-0", "     10.e0",
-                  "    10.e+0", "    10.e-0", "     10.D0", "    10.D+0",
-                  "    10.D-0", "     10.d0", "    10.d+0", "    10.d-0",
-                  "     10.+0", "     10.-0", "      10.0", "    10.0E0",
-                  "   10.0E+0", "   10.0E-0", "    10.0e0", "   10.0e+0",
-                  "   10.0e-0", "    10.0D0", "   10.0D+0", "   10.0D-0",
-                  "    10.0d0", "   10.0d+0", "   10.0d-0", "    10.0+0",
-                  "    10.0-0", "       +10", "     +10E0", "    +10E+0",
-                  "    +10E-0", "     +10e0", "    +10e+0", "    +10e-0",
-                  "     +10D0", "    +10D+0", "    +10D-0", "     +10d0",
-                  "    +10d+0", "    +10d-0", "     +10+0", "     +10-0",
-                  "      +10.", "    +10.E0", "   +10.E+0", "   +10.E-0",
-                  "    +10.e0", "   +10.e+0", "   +10.e-0", "    +10.D0",
-                  "   +10.D+0", "   +10.D-0", "    +10.d0", "   +10.d+0",
-                  "   +10.d-0", "    +10.+0", "    +10.-0", "     +10.0",
-                  "   +10.0E0", "  +10.0E+0", "  +10.0E-0", "   +10.0e0",
-                  "  +10.0e+0", "  +10.0e-0", "   +10.0D0", "  +10.0D+0",
-                  "  +10.0D-0", "   +10.0d0", "  +10.0d+0", "  +10.0d-0",
-                  "   +10.0+0", "   +10.0-0", "       1E1", "      1E+1",
-                  "       1e1", "      1e+1", "       1D1", "      1D+1",
-                  "       1d1", "      1d+1", "       1+1", "      +1E1",
-                  "     +1E+1", "      +1e1", "     +1e+1", "      +1D1",
-                  "     +1D+1", "      +1d1", "     +1d+1", "      +1+1",
-                  "    100E-1", "    100e-1", "    100D-1", "    100d-1",
-                  "     100-1", "   +100E-1", "   +100e-1", "   +100D-1",
-                  "   +100d-1", "    +100-1"}},
-     { 3.14159, { "   3.14159", "3.14159   ", " 3.14159E0", "3.14159E0 ",
-                  "3.14159E+0", "3.14159E-0", "3.14159e+0", "3.14159e0 ",
-                  "3.14159e-0", " 3.14159D0", "3.14159D0 ", "3.14159D+0",
-                  "3.14159D-0", " 3.14159d0", "3.14159d0 ", "3.14159d+0",
-                  "3.14159d-0", " 3.14159+0", "3.14159+0 ", " 3.14159-0",
-                  "3.14159-0 ", " .314159E1", ".314159E1 " , ".314159E+1",
-                  " .314159e1", ".314159e1 ", ".314159e+1", " .314159D1",
-                  ".314159D1 ", ".314159D+1", " .314159d1", ".314159d1 ",
-                  ".314159d+1", " .314159+1", ".314159+1 ", "0.314159E1",
-                  "0.314159E1", "0.314159e1", ".314159e+1", "0.314159D1",
-                  ".314159D+1", "0.314159d1", ".314159d+1", "0.314159+1",
-                  "31.4159E-1", "31.4159e-1", "31.4159D-1", "31.4159d-1",
-                  " 31.4159-1", "31.4159-1 ", "  +3.14159", "+3.14159  ",
-                  "+3.14159E0", "+3.14159D0", "+3.14159e0", "+3.14159d0" }}};
-
-  for ( auto& number : valid ){
-    for ( auto& string : number.second ){
-      auto begin = string.begin();
-      auto end = string.end();
-      auto result = njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end);
-      auto error = std::abs( ( result - number.first ) / number.first );
-      REQUIRE( error < 1E-15 );
-      REQUIRE( end - begin == 0 );
-    }
-  }
-
-  std::vector< std::string >
-    infinityStrings = { "  infinity", "  Infinity",
-                        " +infinity", " +Infinity",
-                        "       inf", "       Inf",
-                        "      +inf", "      +Inf",
-                        "infinity  ", "Infinity  ",
-                        "+infinity ", "+Infinity ",
-                        "inf       ", "Inf       ",
-                        "+inf      ", "+Inf      " };
-
-  for ( auto& string : infinityStrings ){
-    auto begin = string.begin();
-    auto end = string.end();
-    auto result = njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end);
-    REQUIRE( result == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() );
-    REQUIRE( end - begin == 0 );
-  }
-
-  infinityStrings = { " -infinity", " -Infinity",
-                      " -infinity", " -Infinity",
-                      "      -inf", "      -Inf",
-                      "      -inf", "      -Inf",
-                      "-infinity ", "-Infinity ",
-                      "-infinity ", "-Infinity ",
-                      "-inf      ", "-Inf      ",
-                      "-inf      ", "-Inf      " };
-  for ( auto& string : infinityStrings ){
+SCENARIO( "Real - read") {
+
+  auto eps = 1e-15; // ~ std::numeric_limits< double >::epsilon() * 10;
+
+  auto parse = [] ( const std::string string, bool& consumed ) {
+
+    consumed = false;
     auto begin = string.begin();
     auto end = string.end();
-    auto result = njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end);
-    REQUIRE( result == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() );
-    REQUIRE( end - begin == 0 );
-  }
-
-  GIVEN("A collection of invalid strings"){
-    std::vector< std::string >
-      testset{{"         +"},
-              {"       + 1"},
-              {"   .      "},
-              {"   .inf   "},
-              {"        E3"},
-              {"    .E3   "},
-              {"         E"},
-              {"      1.2E"},
-              {" -123.0a  "},
-              {" -123.0 a "}};
-
-    for ( auto& string : testset ){
-      std::cout << string << std::endl;
+    auto result = njoy::disco::Real< 11 >::read< double >( begin, end );
+    consumed = ( end - begin == 0 );
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  GIVEN( "A collection of strings and corresponding double values" ) {
+
+    THEN( "the strings will parse to the corresponding values and the "
+          "strings will be consumed entirely" ) {
+
+      bool consumed = false;
+
+      CHECK(  123.    == Approx( parse( "       +123", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.    == Approx( parse( "      123.0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.123 == Approx( parse( "    123.123", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( -123.    == Approx( parse( "       -123", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1E99     == Approx( parse( "       1E99", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E99    == Approx( parse( "     1.E+99", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E-99   == Approx( parse( "      1E-99", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E-99   == Approx( parse( "     1.0-99", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.    == Approx( parse( "+123       ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.    == Approx( parse( "123.0      ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.123 == Approx( parse( "123.123    ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( -123.    == Approx( parse( "-123       ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1E99     == Approx( parse( "1E99       ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E99    == Approx( parse( "1.E+99     ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E-99   == Approx( parse( "1E-99      ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E-99   == Approx( parse( "1.0-99     ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.    == Approx( parse( "  +123     ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.    == Approx( parse( "  123.0    ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  123.123 == Approx( parse( " 123.123   ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( -123.    == Approx( parse( "  -123     ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1E99     == Approx( parse( "    1E99   ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E99    == Approx( parse( "  1.E+99   ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E-99   == Approx( parse( "   1E-99   ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 1.E-99   == Approx( parse( "  1.0-99   ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 100.     == Approx( parse( "10.000000+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK( 100.     == Approx( parse( " 1.000000+2", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "          0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "         0.", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0.E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0.e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0.D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0.d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0.+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0.-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0.0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0.0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0.0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "         +0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        +0.", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0.E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0.e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0.D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0.d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0.+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0.-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0.0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0.0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0.0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "         -0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        -0.", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0.E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0.e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0.D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0.d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0.+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0.-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0.0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0.0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0.0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       0d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      +0d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      -0d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "           ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "        -.5", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -.5E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -.5e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -.5D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -.5d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.5d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -.5+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -.5-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "       -0.5", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -0.5E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -0.5e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -0.5D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -0.5d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.5d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -0.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -0.5-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -0.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.50E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.50e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.50D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.50d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.50d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.50+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.50-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "       -.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.50E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.50e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.50D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.50d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -.50d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.50+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "     -.50-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.05E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.05E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.05e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.05e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.05D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.05D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.05d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "   -0.05d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "    -0.05+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -5E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -5e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -5D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "      -5d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -0.5   == parse( "       -5-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "         .5", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       .5E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       .5e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       .5D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       .5d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .5d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       .5+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       .5-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "        0.5", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      0.5E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      0.5e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      0.5D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      0.5d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.5d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       0.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      0.5-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       0.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.50E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.50e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.50D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.50d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.50d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.50+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.50-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "        .50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .50E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .50e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .50D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .50d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     .50d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .50+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      .50-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "        +.5", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +.5E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +.5e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +.5D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +.5d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.5d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +.5+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +.5-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       +0.5", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +0.5E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +0.5e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +0.5D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +0.5d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.5d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +0.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +0.5-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +0.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.50E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.50e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.50D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.50d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.50d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.50+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.50-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       +.50", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.50E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.50e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.50D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.50d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +.50d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.50+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     +.50-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.05E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.05E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.05e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.05e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.05D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.05D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.05d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    0.05d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "     0.05+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.05E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.05E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.05e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.05e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.05D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.05D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.05d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "   +0.05d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "    +0.05+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       5E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       5e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       5D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       5d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "        5-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +5E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +5e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +5D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "      +5d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +0.5   == parse( "       +5-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "        -10", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -10E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -10e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -10D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -10d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -10+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -10-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "       -10.", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10.E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10.e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10.D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10.d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10.+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -10.-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -10.0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "   -10.0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -10.0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "       -1E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -1E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "       -1e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -1e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "       -1D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -1D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "       -1d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "      -1d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "       -1+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -100E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -100e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -100D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "    -100d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   -10.   == parse( "     -100-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "         10", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       10E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       10e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       10D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       10d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       10+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       10-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "        10.", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10.E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10.e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10.D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10.d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10.+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      10.-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       10.0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    10.0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     10.0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "        +10", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +10E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +10e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +10D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +10d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +10+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +10-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       +10.", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10.E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10.e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10.D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10.d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10.+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +10.-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +10.0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.0E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.0e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.0D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.0d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10.0d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.0+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +10.0-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "        1E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       1E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "        1e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       1e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "        1D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       1D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "        1d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       1d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "        1+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       +1E1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +1E+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       +1e1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +1e+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       +1D1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +1D+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       +1d1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      +1d+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "       +1+1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     100E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     100e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     100D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     100d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "      100-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +100E-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +100e-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +100D-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "    +100d-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "     +100-1", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "    3.14159", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159   ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  3.14159E0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159E0 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159E+0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159E-0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159e+0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159e0 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159e-0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  3.14159D0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159D0 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159D+0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159D-0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  3.14159d0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159d0 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159d+0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159d-0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  3.14159+0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159+0 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  3.14159-0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159-0 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  .314159E1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159E1 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159E+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  .314159e1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159e1 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159e+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  .314159D1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159D1 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159D+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  .314159d1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159d1 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159d+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  .314159+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159+1 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 0.314159E1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 0.314159E1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 0.314159e1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159e+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 0.314159D1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159D+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 0.314159d1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " .314159d+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 0.314159+1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 31.4159E-1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 31.4159e-1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 31.4159D-1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 31.4159d-1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "  31.4159-1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 31.4159-1 ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "   +3.14159", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " +3.14159  ", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " +3.14159E0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " +3.14159D0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " +3.14159e0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " +3.14159d0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( " 0.0    E 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( " 0.     + 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "+0.0    E 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "+0.     + 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "-0.0    E 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "-0.     + 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "        0. ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0. E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0. e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0. D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0. d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     0. d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0. +0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "      0. -0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       +0. ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0. E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0. e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0. D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0. d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    +0. d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0. +0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     +0. -0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "       -0. ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0. E0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. E+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. E-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0. e0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. e+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. e-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0. D0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. D+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. D-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0. d0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. d+0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "    -0. d-0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0. +0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(    0.    == parse( "     -0. -0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10. E 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. E+ 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. E- 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10. e 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. e+ 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. e- 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10. D 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. D+ 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. D- 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10. d 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. d+ 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "  +10. d- 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10. + 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   +10.   == parse( "   +10. - 0", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 31.4159 -1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "31.4159 - 1", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159 +0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "3.14159 + 0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159 E0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "3.14159 E 0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159 e0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "3.14159 e 0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159 D0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "3.14159 D 0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( " 3.14159 d0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  3.14159 == Approx( parse( "3.14159 d 0", consumed ) ).epsilon( eps ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+    } // THEN
+  } // GIVEN
+
+  GIVEN( "a blank string" ) {
+
+    THEN( "the string will be parsed to zero and the string will be consumed "
+          "entirely" ) {
+
+      bool consumed = false;
+
+      CHECK( 0. == parse( "           ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+    } // THEN
+  } // GIVEN
+
+  GIVEN( "A collection of strings representing infinity" ) {
+
+    THEN( "the strings will parse to the corresponding infinite value and the "
+          "strings will be consumed entirely" ) {
+
+      bool consumed = false;
+      auto inf = std::numeric_limits< double >::infinity();
+
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "   infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "   Infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "  +infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "  +Infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "        inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "        Inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "       +inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "       +Inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "infinity   ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "Infinity   ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "+infinity  ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "+Infinity  ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "inf        ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "Inf        ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "+inf       ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(   inf == parse( "+Inf       ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "  -infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "  -Infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "  -infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "  -Infinity", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "       -inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "       -Inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "       -inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "       -Inf", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-infinity  ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-Infinity  ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-infinity  ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-Infinity  ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-inf       ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-Inf       ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-inf       ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+      CHECK(  -inf == parse( "-Inf       ", consumed ) ); CHECK( true == consumed );
+    } // THEN
+  } // GIVEN
+
+  GIVEN( "A collection of invalid strings" ) {
+
+    THEN( "an exception is thrown" ) {
+
+      bool consumed = false;
+
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "          +", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "        + 1", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "    .      ", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "    .inf   ", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "         E3", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "     .E3   ", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "          E", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "       1.2E", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "         E ", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "      1.2E ", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "     1.2 E ", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "  -123.0a  ", consumed ) );
+      CHECK_THROWS( parse( "  -123.0 a ", consumed ) );
+    } // THEN
+  } // GIVEN
+
+  GIVEN( "a strings truncated with newline or EOF characters" ) {
+
+    THEN( "the strings will parse to the corresponding values and the "
+          "strings will be consumed up to the last character" ) {
+
+      std::string string = "";
       auto begin = string.begin();
       auto end = string.end();
-      REQUIRE_THROWS( njoy::disco::Real<10>::read<double>(begin, end) );
-    }
-  }
-}
+
+      string = "   10  \n";
+      begin = string.begin();
+      end = string.end();
+      CHECK( 10. == njoy::disco::Real< 10 >::read< double >( begin, end ) );
+      CHECK( 1 == end - begin );
+      CHECK( string.back() == *begin );
+
+      string = "   10  ";
+      string += char{ std::char_traits< char >::eof() };
+      begin = string.begin();
+      end = string.end();
+      CHECK( 10. == njoy::disco::Real< 10 >::read< double >( begin, end ) );
+      CHECK( 1 == end - begin );
+      CHECK( string.back() == *begin );
+    } // THEN
+  } // GIVEN
+} // SCENARIO
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/noDigits.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/noDigits.hpp
index 9163995..0cb7e05 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/noDigits.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/noDigits.hpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 template< typename Integer >
-constexpr int noDigits( Integer i ){
+constexpr int noDigits( Integer i ) {
+  
   return ( i < 10 ) ? 1 : 1 + noDigits( i / 10 );
-} 
+}
diff --git a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/src/whiteSpace.hpp b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/src/whiteSpace.hpp
index 7dabe82..59985af 100644
--- a/src/disco/FixedWidthField/src/whiteSpace.hpp
+++ b/src/disco/FixedWidthField/src/whiteSpace.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 template< typename Iterator >
 static uint16_t
-whiteSpace( Iterator& it ){
+whiteSpace( Iterator& it ) {
+
   uint16_t position = 0;
   while( FixedWidthField::isSpace( *it ) and ++position != w ) {
+
     ++it;
   }
   return position;
@@ -10,11 +12,10 @@ whiteSpace( Iterator& it ){
 
 template< typename Iterator >
 static bool
-whiteSpace( Iterator& it, uint16_t position ){
+whiteSpace( Iterator& it, uint16_t position ) {
+
   while( ++position <= w and FixedWidthField::isSpace( *it ) ) { ++it; }
-  return
-    position > w
-    or FixedWidthField::isNewline( *it, it )
-    or FixedWidthField::isEOF( *it );
+  return position > w
+         or FixedWidthField::isNewline( *it, it )
+         or FixedWidthField::isEOF( *it );
 }
-