fix(encoding): backport corruption-safety fixes to release/v9.0 (#8158)

Backport the corruption-safety fixes from:
- #8138: #8138
- #8144: #8144

The v9.0 stable line still reaches the vulnerable VariableFullZip
length-prefix parser and unchecked variable-width offset paths through
the default reader.

Release-specific adaptation: use the v9.0 error-construction and
asynchronous reader APIs; retain one native truncated-prefix regression
plus native V2.1/V2.2/V2.3 reader coverage, without main-only lazy/RLE
scaffolding.

Validation:
- cargo fmt --all
- Targeted lance-encoding/lance-file corruption regression tests: passed
- cargo clippy --all --tests --benches -- -D warnings: passed

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Co-authored-by: m00dy <professor.moody@pm.me>

Author: Xuanwo