diff --git a/.github/docs/openapi3.txt b/.github/docs/openapi3.txt
index 3eee44d4e..352ca8ae4 100644
--- a/.github/docs/openapi3.txt
+++ b/.github/docs/openapi3.txt
@@ -2612,6 +2612,22 @@ func (e *SchemaBothFormsExclusive) Error() string
 
 func (e *SchemaBothFormsExclusive) Unwrap() error
 
+type SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError struct {
+	// Combinator is the keyword whose element failed ("oneOf", "anyOf",
+	// "allOf").
+	Combinator string
+	Cause      error
+}
+    SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError wraps a validation error originating
+    in one of the sub-schemas listed under a schema's oneOf, anyOf, or allOf
+    keyword. Combinator names which keyword the offending element belongs
+    to ("oneOf", "anyOf", "allOf"). The wrapper adds the combinator scope;
+    the actual failure lives in Cause.
+
+func (e *SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError) Error() string
+
+func (e *SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError) Unwrap() error
+
 type SchemaError struct {
 	// Value is the value that failed validation.
 	Value any
@@ -3318,6 +3334,19 @@ func (t *Tag) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error
 func (t *Tag) Validate(ctx context.Context, opts ...ValidationOption) error
     Validate returns an error if Tag does not comply with the OpenAPI spec.
 
+type TagValidationError struct {
+	// Name is the tag's `name:` value.
+	Name  string
+	Cause error
+}
+    TagValidationError wraps a validation error originating inside a single tag
+    in the document-root Tags list. Name is the tag's `name:` value, so callers
+    can tell which tag failed without parsing the rendered message.
+
+func (e *TagValidationError) Error() string
+
+func (e *TagValidationError) Unwrap() error
+
 type Tags []*Tag
     Tags is specified by OpenAPI/Swagger 3.0 standard.
 
diff --git a/openapi3/openapi3_test.go b/openapi3/openapi3_test.go
index 3df69cb51..c83899868 100644
--- a/openapi3/openapi3_test.go
+++ b/openapi3/openapi3_test.go
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ components:
 			name: "tags section is invalid",
 			spec: strings.Replace(spec, tags,
 				strings.ReplaceAll(tags, "url: https://tags-ext-docs.com", "url: ''"), 1),
-			expectedErr: "invalid tags: invalid external docs: url is required",
+			expectedErr: "invalid tags: tag \"pet\": invalid external docs: url is required",
 		},
 	}
 	for i := range tests {
diff --git a/openapi3/schema.go b/openapi3/schema.go
index 1f5eebdb8..3505e4999 100644
--- a/openapi3/schema.go
+++ b/openapi3/schema.go
@@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@ func (schema *Schema) validate(ctx context.Context, stack []*Schema) ([]*Schema,
 
 		var err error
 		if stack, err = v.validate(ctx, stack); err != nil {
-			return stack, err
+			return stack, &SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError{Combinator: "oneOf", Cause: err}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@ func (schema *Schema) validate(ctx context.Context, stack []*Schema) ([]*Schema,
 
 		var err error
 		if stack, err = v.validate(ctx, stack); err != nil {
-			return stack, err
+			return stack, &SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError{Combinator: "anyOf", Cause: err}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ func (schema *Schema) validate(ctx context.Context, stack []*Schema) ([]*Schema,
 
 		var err error
 		if stack, err = v.validate(ctx, stack); err != nil {
-			return stack, err
+			return stack, &SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError{Combinator: "allOf", Cause: err}
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/openapi3/tag.go b/openapi3/tag.go
index c022a252d..98b4a9167 100644
--- a/openapi3/tag.go
+++ b/openapi3/tag.go
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ func (tags Tags) Validate(ctx context.Context, opts ...ValidationOption) error {
 	me := newErrCollector(ctx)
 
 	for _, v := range tags {
-		if err := me.emit(v.Validate(ctx)); err != nil {
+		wrap := func(e error) error { return &TagValidationError{Name: v.Name, Cause: e} }
+		if err := me.emitWrapped(wrap, v.Validate(ctx)); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_acm_2015_12_08_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_acm_2015_12_08_openapi_yaml__validate
index b48dd7e95..715a45653 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_acm_2015_12_08_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_acm_2015_12_08_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CertificateDetail": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CertificateDetail": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_alexaforbusiness_2017_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_alexaforbusiness_2017_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate
index 550733dbd..ff7ffce32 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_alexaforbusiness_2017_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_alexaforbusiness_2017_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AddressBook": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "AddressBook": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_amplify_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_amplify_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate
index 715e8aca6..947949c1b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_amplify_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_amplify_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateDomainAssociationRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateDomainAssociationRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appconfigdata_2021_11_11_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appconfigdata_2021_11_11_openapi_yaml__validate
index c98a4dd42..fcf2ca260 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appconfigdata_2021_11_11_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appconfigdata_2021_11_11_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "StartConfigurationSessionResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,8192}`
+invalid components: schema "StartConfigurationSessionResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,8192}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_application_autoscaling_2016_02_06_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_application_autoscaling_2016_02_06_openapi_yaml__validate
index f2eeb73e1..113b96659 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_application_autoscaling_2016_02_06_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_application_autoscaling_2016_02_06_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "DescribeScalingPoliciesResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
+invalid components: schema "DescribeScalingPoliciesResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_applicationcostprofiler_2020_09_10_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_applicationcostprofiler_2020_09_10_openapi_yaml__validate
index 4bd96fdd9..8f9ca62b2 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_applicationcostprofiler_2020_09_10_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_applicationcostprofiler_2020_09_10_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "GetReportDefinitionResult": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
+invalid components: schema "GetReportDefinitionResult": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appstream_2016_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appstream_2016_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index d89536f6b..913be73f1 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appstream_2016_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_appstream_2016_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AppBlock": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "AppBlock": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_autoscaling_plans_2018_01_06_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_autoscaling_plans_2018_01_06_openapi_yaml__validate
index cad19b68f..b4569ec60 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_autoscaling_plans_2018_01_06_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_autoscaling_plans_2018_01_06_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateScalingPlanRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
+invalid components: schema "CreateScalingPlanRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_2018_05_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_2018_05_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index c2f8e8ff6..ecce35c5b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_2018_05_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_2018_05_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AppInstance": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "AppInstance": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_identity_2021_04_20_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_identity_2021_04_20_openapi_yaml__validate
index c2f8e8ff6..ecce35c5b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_identity_2021_04_20_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_identity_2021_04_20_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AppInstance": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "AppInstance": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_meetings_2021_07_15_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_meetings_2021_07_15_openapi_yaml__validate
index 80c0a40d8..22dfec454 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_meetings_2021_07_15_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_meetings_2021_07_15_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateMeetingRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateMeetingRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_messaging_2021_05_15_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_messaging_2021_05_15_openapi_yaml__validate
index 3b3d11143..64e10153d 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_messaging_2021_05_15_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_chime_sdk_messaging_2021_05_15_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AssociateChannelFlowRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "AssociateChannelFlowRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cleanrooms_2022_02_17_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cleanrooms_2022_02_17_openapi_yaml__validate
index f59a27ba9..1afaa3dc2 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cleanrooms_2022_02_17_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cleanrooms_2022_02_17_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Collaboration": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "Collaboration": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_codecatalyst_2022_09_28_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_codecatalyst_2022_09_28_openapi_yaml__validate
index d10c7930f..8e94045f5 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_codecatalyst_2022_09_28_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_codecatalyst_2022_09_28_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateDevEnvironmentRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateDevEnvironmentRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cognito_idp_2016_04_18_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cognito_idp_2016_04_18_openapi_yaml__validate
index 40733e408..29693cb70 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cognito_idp_2016_04_18_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_cognito_idp_2016_04_18_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "DescribeUserPoolDomainResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid named capture: `(?<!\.)$`
+invalid components: schema "DescribeUserPoolDomainResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid named capture: `(?<!\.)$`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehend_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehend_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate
index 42e1feddd..bdc733cf6 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehend_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehend_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateEntityRecognizerRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateEntityRecognizerRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehendmedical_2018_10_30_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehendmedical_2018_10_30_openapi_yaml__validate
index 0cd393ab5..eb04f6cfa 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehendmedical_2018_10_30_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_comprehendmedical_2018_10_30_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ComprehendMedicalAsyncJobProperties": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "ComprehendMedicalAsyncJobProperties": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_connect_2017_08_08_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_connect_2017_08_08_openapi_yaml__validate
index a56e0ff2c..44f936a5a 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_connect_2017_08_08_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_connect_2017_08_08_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateInstanceRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateInstanceRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_datasync_2018_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_datasync_2018_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate
index d4cc9c8cc..b2d34fe22 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_datasync_2018_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_datasync_2018_11_09_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AddStorageSystemRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AddStorageSystemRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_detective_2018_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_detective_2018_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
index 9caba667b..50465d714 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_detective_2018_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_detective_2018_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Account": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "Account": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dlm_2018_01_12_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dlm_2018_01_12_openapi_yaml__validate
index 6fa4df33e..cab663395 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dlm_2018_01_12_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dlm_2018_01_12_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateLifecyclePolicyRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{all}`
+invalid components: schema "CreateLifecyclePolicyRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{all}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dynamodb_2012_08_10_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dynamodb_2012_08_10_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5606e8292..7b540fbd2 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dynamodb_2012_08_10_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_dynamodb_2012_08_10_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AutoScalingPolicyDescription": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
+invalid components: schema "AutoScalingPolicyDescription": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elasticfilesystem_2015_02_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elasticfilesystem_2015_02_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 43ddc6994..a127bc6bf 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elasticfilesystem_2015_02_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elasticfilesystem_2015_02_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AccessPointDescription": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AccessPointDescription": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elastictranscoder_2012_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elastictranscoder_2012_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate
index 306ff4b7f..383c73137 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elastictranscoder_2012_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_elastictranscoder_2012_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Artwork": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1020}`
+invalid components: schema "Artwork": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1020}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_emr_containers_2020_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_emr_containers_2020_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index f85a3f659..6da94c348 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_emr_containers_2020_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_emr_containers_2020_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "GetManagedEndpointSessionCredentialsRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "GetManagedEndpointSessionCredentialsRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_es_2015_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_es_2015_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 77d6542fc..0aaa8064b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_es_2015_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_es_2015_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ChangeProgressDetails": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{XDigit}`
+invalid components: schema "ChangeProgressDetails": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{XDigit}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_eventbridge_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_eventbridge_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
index d174319d5..2afe8fe69 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_eventbridge_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_eventbridge_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "HttpParameters": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "HttpParameters": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_events_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_events_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
index d174319d5..2afe8fe69 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_events_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_events_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "HttpParameters": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "HttpParameters": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_finspace_2021_03_12_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_finspace_2021_03_12_openapi_yaml__validate
index fdb33545e..8cd2fc555 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_finspace_2021_03_12_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_finspace_2021_03_12_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateKxClusterRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateKxClusterRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_firehose_2015_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_firehose_2015_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate
index cedbda848..9971cfdf1 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_firehose_2015_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_firehose_2015_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AmazonOpenSearchServerlessDestinationConfiguration": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AmazonOpenSearchServerlessDestinationConfiguration": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_fms_2018_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_fms_2018_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 6e5621d30..8c2cc810d 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_fms_2018_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_fms_2018_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "FMSPolicyUpdateFirewallCreationConfigAction": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "FMSPolicyUpdateFirewallCreationConfigAction": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_groundstation_2019_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_groundstation_2019_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate
index 53229b9d0..a54f86612 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_groundstation_2019_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_groundstation_2019_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AntennaDownlinkDemodDecodeConfig": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{2,8192}`
+invalid components: schema "AntennaDownlinkDemodDecodeConfig": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{2,8192}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_guardduty_2017_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_guardduty_2017_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate
index d99b20db3..b4e4b95b4 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_guardduty_2017_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_guardduty_2017_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "GetMalwareScanSettingsResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "GetMalwareScanSettingsResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_health_2016_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_health_2016_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate
index 8610b6f4f..772c942d7 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_health_2016_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_health_2016_08_04_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AffectedEntity": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1600}`
+invalid components: schema "AffectedEntity": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1600}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_honeycode_2020_03_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_honeycode_2020_03_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index e3213c220..6c0e9c77e 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_honeycode_2020_03_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_honeycode_2020_03_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "BatchCreateTableRowsRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "BatchCreateTableRowsRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iam_2010_05_08_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iam_2010_05_08_openapi_yaml__validate
index 05be09ff5..441deb750 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iam_2010_05_08_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iam_2010_05_08_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateAccountAliasRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateAccountAliasRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_identitystore_2020_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_identitystore_2020_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5d982a95c..c5fa573c0 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_identitystore_2020_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_identitystore_2020_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AlternateIdentifier": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p\`
+invalid components: schema "AlternateIdentifier": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p\`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_imagebuilder_2019_12_02_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_imagebuilder_2019_12_02_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5a51b7c2e..31dfd8e23 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_imagebuilder_2019_12_02_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_imagebuilder_2019_12_02_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Filter": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1024}`
+invalid components: schema "Filter": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1024}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iot_jobs_data_2017_09_29_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iot_jobs_data_2017_09_29_openapi_yaml__validate
index 8755f4556..c60d8df43 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iot_jobs_data_2017_09_29_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iot_jobs_data_2017_09_29_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "DescribeJobExecutionResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p\`
+invalid components: schema "DescribeJobExecutionResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p\`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotanalytics_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotanalytics_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate
index bc7617ee7..0330ebcbf 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotanalytics_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotanalytics_2017_11_27_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "BatchPutMessageRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "BatchPutMessageRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotsecuretunneling_2018_10_05_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotsecuretunneling_2018_10_05_openapi_yaml__validate
index 86e53c0cc..92e473d89 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotsecuretunneling_2018_10_05_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotsecuretunneling_2018_10_05_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "DescribeTunnelResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,2048}`
+invalid components: schema "DescribeTunnelResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,2048}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotthingsgraph_2018_09_06_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotthingsgraph_2018_09_06_openapi_yaml__validate
index 9d6a73ef1..f6c93d4d8 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotthingsgraph_2018_09_06_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotthingsgraph_2018_09_06_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AssociateEntityToThingRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Alnum}`
+invalid components: schema "AssociateEntityToThingRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Alnum}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotwireless_2020_11_22_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotwireless_2020_11_22_openapi_yaml__validate
index 15d38de30..e8c3fdb3e 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotwireless_2020_11_22_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_iotwireless_2020_11_22_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "DownlinkQueueMessage": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "DownlinkQueueMessage": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_2019_02_03_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_2019_02_03_openapi_yaml__validate
index d970fdfc2..d5688ddde 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_2019_02_03_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_2019_02_03_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AlfrescoConfiguration": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AlfrescoConfiguration": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_ranking_2022_10_19_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_ranking_2022_10_19_openapi_yaml__validate
index 36e29ffe7..14e2dd2b9 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_ranking_2022_10_19_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kendra_ranking_2022_10_19_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateRescoreExecutionPlanResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "CreateRescoreExecutionPlanResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kinesisanalyticsv2_2018_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kinesisanalyticsv2_2018_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate
index 07a61ae0b..2783fef8b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kinesisanalyticsv2_2018_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_kinesisanalyticsv2_2018_05_23_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AddApplicationInputRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
+invalid components: schema "AddApplicationInputRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_license_manager_2018_08_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_license_manager_2018_08_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 0fcad96fd..ba0e6d264 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_license_manager_2018_08_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_license_manager_2018_08_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AcceptGrantRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "AcceptGrantRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutmetrics_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutmetrics_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate
index 31c926755..e404b2f1e 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutmetrics_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutmetrics_2017_07_25_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateMetricSetRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateMetricSetRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutvision_2020_11_20_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutvision_2020_11_20_openapi_yaml__validate
index af05cd2c1..d20c9ad95 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutvision_2020_11_20_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_lookoutvision_2020_11_20_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateModelRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2048}`
+invalid components: schema "CreateModelRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2048}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_m2_2021_04_28_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_m2_2021_04_28_openapi_yaml__validate
index 429e21a13..698bd49e3 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_m2_2021_04_28_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_m2_2021_04_28_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ApplicationSummary": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "ApplicationSummary": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_managedblockchain_2018_09_24_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_managedblockchain_2018_09_24_openapi_yaml__validate
index de0fb6175..b02a7eb04 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_managedblockchain_2018_09_24_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_managedblockchain_2018_09_24_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateMemberInput": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
+invalid components: schema "CreateMemberInput": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_medical_imaging_2023_07_19_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_medical_imaging_2023_07_19_openapi_yaml__validate
index 9dbdb9299..261cf4c49 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_medical_imaging_2023_07_19_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_medical_imaging_2023_07_19_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ListDICOMImportJobsResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,8192}`
+invalid components: schema "ListDICOMImportJobsResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,8192}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_mgn_2020_02_26_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_mgn_2020_02_26_openapi_yaml__validate
index 060145bef..cc20725f0 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_mgn_2020_02_26_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_mgn_2020_02_26_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ExportTask": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1020}`
+invalid components: schema "ExportTask": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1020}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migration_hub_refactor_spaces_2021_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migration_hub_refactor_spaces_2021_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
index bd4e6f1dd..0211875ff 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migration_hub_refactor_spaces_2021_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migration_hub_refactor_spaces_2021_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ApiGatewayProxyConfig": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "ApiGatewayProxyConfig": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migrationhub_config_2019_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migrationhub_config_2019_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5bedfd7cb..29a57b529 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migrationhub_config_2019_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_migrationhub_config_2019_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "DescribeHomeRegionControlsRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2048}`
+invalid components: schema "DescribeHomeRegionControlsRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2048}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_oam_2022_06_10_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_oam_2022_06_10_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5e1263488..eac7af952 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_oam_2022_06_10_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_oam_2022_06_10_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateLinkInput": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2047}`
+invalid components: schema "CreateLinkInput": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2047}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_omics_2022_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_omics_2022_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate
index 94539d428..0442b59d2 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_omics_2022_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_omics_2022_11_28_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AnnotationImportItemDetail": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1024}`
+invalid components: schema "AnnotationImportItemDetail": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1024}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opensearch_2021_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opensearch_2021_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 77d6542fc..0aaa8064b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opensearch_2021_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opensearch_2021_01_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ChangeProgressDetails": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{XDigit}`
+invalid components: schema "ChangeProgressDetails": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{XDigit}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opsworkscm_2016_11_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opsworkscm_2016_11_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index ae45fcf95..d5653ea1e 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opsworkscm_2016_11_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_opsworkscm_2016_11_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AssociateNodeRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Alnum}`
+invalid components: schema "AssociateNodeRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Alnum}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pinpoint_sms_voice_v2_2022_03_31_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pinpoint_sms_voice_v2_2022_03_31_openapi_yaml__validate
index 56427b412..aafeb7b4b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pinpoint_sms_voice_v2_2022_03_31_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pinpoint_sms_voice_v2_2022_03_31_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "DeleteKeywordResult": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "DeleteKeywordResult": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pipes_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pipes_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5de35f749..527927c39 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pipes_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pipes_2015_10_07_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreatePipeRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreatePipeRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pricing_2017_10_15_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pricing_2017_10_15_openapi_yaml__validate
index 9f4c0773e..f9b8d3ab5 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pricing_2017_10_15_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_pricing_2017_10_15_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "GetPriceListFileUrlRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "GetPriceListFileUrlRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_qldb_2019_01_02_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_qldb_2019_01_02_openapi_yaml__validate
index e7ff94210..566779681 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_qldb_2019_01_02_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_qldb_2019_01_02_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateLedgerRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateLedgerRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_quicksight_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_quicksight_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 11e506ace..14eaf796f 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_quicksight_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_quicksight_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ActiveIAMPolicyAssignment": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
+invalid components: schema "ActiveIAMPolicyAssignment": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rbin_2021_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rbin_2021_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate
index 005daf2a6..69c38c0bf 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rbin_2021_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rbin_2021_06_15_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ListRulesRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,2048}`
+invalid components: schema "ListRulesRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,2048}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rds_2014_10_31_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rds_2014_10_31_openapi_yaml__validate
index e83e418f7..e5bdd6018 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rds_2014_10_31_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rds_2014_10_31_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateBlueGreenDeploymentRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateBlueGreenDeploymentRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_redshift_2012_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_redshift_2012_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index b491f0f7e..21af5599c 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_redshift_2012_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_redshift_2012_12_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateCustomDomainAssociationMessage": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateCustomDomainAssociationMessage": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rekognition_2016_06_27_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rekognition_2016_06_27_openapi_yaml__validate
index b9160f18a..f87bc546d 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rekognition_2016_06_27_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rekognition_2016_06_27_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CopyProjectVersionRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2048}`
+invalid components: schema "CopyProjectVersionRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,2048}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_resiliencehub_2020_04_30_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_resiliencehub_2020_04_30_openapi_yaml__validate
index 8868911d4..a00683573 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_resiliencehub_2020_04_30_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_resiliencehub_2020_04_30_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AddDraftAppVersionResourceMappingsRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
+invalid components: schema "AddDraftAppVersionResourceMappingsRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1023}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_route53resolver_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_route53resolver_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 193842456..adcf2fd5a 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_route53resolver_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_route53resolver_2018_04_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AssociateFirewallRuleGroupRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AssociateFirewallRuleGroupRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rum_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rum_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate
index 62f0d265a..0bfe02f9f 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rum_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_rum_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AppMonitor": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AppMonitor": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sagemaker_2017_07_24_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sagemaker_2017_07_24_openapi_yaml__validate
index 4ccbd3256..3d9c6a77c 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sagemaker_2017_07_24_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sagemaker_2017_07_24_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Alarm": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "Alarm": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_scheduler_2021_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_scheduler_2021_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
index d90e1aabe..9b1c02586 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_scheduler_2021_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_scheduler_2021_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateScheduleInput": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
+invalid components: schema "CreateScheduleInput": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicecatalog_appregistry_2020_06_24_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicecatalog_appregistry_2020_06_24_openapi_yaml__validate
index 364f3ce47..8030181aa 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicecatalog_appregistry_2020_06_24_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicecatalog_appregistry_2020_06_24_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AppRegistryConfiguration": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AppRegistryConfiguration": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicediscovery_2017_03_14_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicediscovery_2017_03_14_openapi_yaml__validate
index 20ca15287..4322e20b4 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicediscovery_2017_03_14_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_servicediscovery_2017_03_14_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateHttpNamespaceRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1024}`
+invalid components: schema "CreateHttpNamespaceRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{1,1024}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_shield_2016_06_02_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_shield_2016_06_02_openapi_yaml__validate
index 6576f0811..043dd7213 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_shield_2016_06_02_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_shield_2016_06_02_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AssociateDRTLogBucketRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AssociateDRTLogBucketRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_snowball_2016_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_snowball_2016_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
index 343f065fc..b184838fe 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_snowball_2016_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_snowball_2016_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateJobRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
+invalid components: schema "CreateJobRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_2014_11_06_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_2014_11_06_openapi_yaml__validate
index 4ccbd3256..3d9c6a77c 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_2014_11_06_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_2014_11_06_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Alarm": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "Alarm": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_sap_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_sap_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate
index c442e3fac..b536ed6b3 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_sap_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_ssm_sap_2018_05_10_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ListApplicationsInput": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{16,1024}`
+invalid components: schema "ListApplicationsInput": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{16,1024}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sso_admin_2020_07_20_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sso_admin_2020_07_20_openapi_yaml__validate
index 30113cf3e..b04fc2efe 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sso_admin_2020_07_20_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_sso_admin_2020_07_20_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreatePermissionSetRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
+invalid components: schema "CreatePermissionSetRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?=`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_storagegateway_2013_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_storagegateway_2013_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
index 3cb42a001..40e753a30 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_storagegateway_2013_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_storagegateway_2013_06_30_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AssociateFileSystemInput": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AssociateFileSystemInput": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transcribe_2017_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transcribe_2017_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
index 2f355701d..6b1fe37cf 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transcribe_2017_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transcribe_2017_10_26_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CallAnalyticsJob": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1024}`
+invalid components: schema "CallAnalyticsJob": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,1024}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transfer_2018_11_05_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transfer_2018_11_05_openapi_yaml__validate
index b6faf394f..d5a879d29 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transfer_2018_11_05_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_transfer_2018_11_05_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "As2ConnectorConfig": error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
+invalid components: schema "As2ConnectorConfig": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid character class range: `\p{Print}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_translate_2017_07_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_translate_2017_07_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index d0f67254f..386612a11 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_translate_2017_07_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_translate_2017_07_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AppliedTerminology": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,10000}`
+invalid components: schema "AppliedTerminology": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,10000}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_voice_id_2021_09_27_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_voice_id_2021_09_27_openapi_yaml__validate
index c024b7576..e0ed79fb1 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_voice_id_2021_09_27_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_voice_id_2021_09_27_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ListDomainsRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,8192}`
+invalid components: schema "ListDomainsRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid repeat count: `{0,8192}`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_worklink_2018_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_worklink_2018_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate
index b34136804..23447b42d 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_worklink_2018_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_worklink_2018_09_25_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AssociateDomainRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "AssociateDomainRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workmail_2017_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workmail_2017_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate
index 7df6b5aac..b9f3ab011 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workmail_2017_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workmail_2017_10_01_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreateOrganizationRequest": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreateOrganizationRequest": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workspaces_web_2020_07_08_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workspaces_web_2020_07_08_openapi_yaml__validate
index 7443ea26e..bb9f280c8 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workspaces_web_2020_07_08_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/amazonaws_com_workspaces_web_2020_07_08_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "CreatePortalResponse": error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
+invalid components: schema "CreatePortalResponse": invalid allOf element: error parsing regexp: invalid or unsupported Perl syntax: `(?!`
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/apideck_com_accounting_10_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/apideck_com_accounting_10_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index b9b4035fa..25cc35b55 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/apideck_com_accounting_10_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/apideck_com_accounting_10_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "GetProfitAndLossResponse": invalid example: Error at "/type": property "type" is missing
+invalid components: schema "GetProfitAndLossResponse": invalid anyOf element: invalid example: Error at "/type": property "type" is missing
 Schema:
   {
     "example": {
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/bkk_hu_1_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/bkk_hu_1_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate
index 4dbbaea29..0aa0df92b 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/bkk_hu_1_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/bkk_hu_1_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "AlertSearchMethodResponse": invalid example: value must be a string
+invalid components: schema "AlertSearchMethodResponse": invalid oneOf element: invalid example: value must be a string
 Schema:
   {
     "description": "A megálló iránya.",
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/cpy_re_peertube_5_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/cpy_re_peertube_5_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index 944728103..6ff3158d5 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/cpy_re_peertube_5_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/cpy_re_peertube_5_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "Abuse": invalid example: string doesn't match the regular expression "/^[a-z0-9._]+$/"
+invalid components: schema "Abuse": invalid allOf element: invalid example: string doesn't match the regular expression "/^[a-z0-9._]+$/"
 Schema:
   {
     "description": "immutable name of the user, used to find or mention its actor",
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dataflowkit_com_1_3_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dataflowkit_com_1_3_openapi_yaml__validate
index f5171ab94..e93714ed7 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dataflowkit_com_1_3_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dataflowkit_com_1_3_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "field": invalid example: Error at "/proxy": property "proxy" is missing
+invalid components: schema "field": invalid allOf element: invalid example: Error at "/proxy": property "proxy" is missing
 Schema:
   {
     "example": {
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dnd5eapi_co_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dnd5eapi_co_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate
index a30ea699a..7b93a2cd7 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dnd5eapi_co_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/dnd5eapi_co_0_1_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Race": extra sibling fields: [description]
+invalid components: schema "Race": invalid allOf element: extra sibling fields: [description]
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/fire_com_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/fire_com_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5ceed7096..7ad621b6c 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/fire_com_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/fire_com_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid paths: invalid path /v1/accounts/{ican}/transactions: invalid operation GET: invalid example: value must be a string
+invalid paths: invalid path /v1/accounts/{ican}/transactions: invalid operation GET: invalid oneOf element: invalid example: value must be a string
 Schema:
   {
     "example": 6011329,
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/gerermesaffaires_com_1_0_6_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/gerermesaffaires_com_1_0_6_openapi_yaml__validate
index 8501fbb60..d3944d932 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/gerermesaffaires_com_1_0_6_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/gerermesaffaires_com_1_0_6_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "Accounting": invalid example: value must be a string
+invalid components: schema "Accounting": invalid allOf element: invalid example: value must be a string
 Schema:
   {
     "example": [
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/ideal_postcodes_co_uk_3_7_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/ideal_postcodes_co_uk_3_7_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index 5763b1f9e..627ac2d40 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/ideal_postcodes_co_uk_3_7_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/ideal_postcodes_co_uk_3_7_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "EcadAddress": invalid example: value must be a string
+invalid components: schema "EcadAddress": invalid allOf element: invalid example: value must be a string
 Schema:
   {
     "description": "A number associated with the whole building. The building number may have a numeric and an alphanumeric component, which are concatenated e.g. 2A, or alternatively will have a simple building number or a complex building number. The building number always relates to the whole building and not a sub-unit within it.\nA complex building number may be one of the following:\n  - Dual. Two number separated by '/' e.g. 63/64 = 63, 64\n  - Sequence. An odd or even sequence of numbers with lower and upper bound separated by an underscore '_' e.g. `1_5` = 1,3,5 and `2_6` = 2,4,6 \n  - Range. A range of consecutive numbers with lower and upper bound separated by a dash '-' e.g. `63-66` = 63, 64, 56, 66\nThe building number never appears on a line by itself and can prepend Building Group, Primary Thoroughfare or Primary Locality.",
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/influxdata_com_2_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/influxdata_com_2_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index 8abf23cb0..45bd29e05 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/influxdata_com_2_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/influxdata_com_2_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Authorization": extra sibling fields: [readOnly]
+invalid components: schema "Authorization": invalid allOf element: extra sibling fields: [readOnly]
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/intellifi_nl_2_23_4+0_gb463b49_dirty_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/intellifi_nl_2_23_4+0_gb463b49_dirty_openapi_yaml__validate
index 9b03f76ad..8bdeed071 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/intellifi_nl_2_23_4+0_gb463b49_dirty_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/intellifi_nl_2_23_4+0_gb463b49_dirty_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Item": extra sibling fields: [description]
+invalid components: schema "Item": invalid allOf element: invalid oneOf element: extra sibling fields: [description]
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/nexmo_com_reports_2_2_2_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/nexmo_com_reports_2_2_2_openapi_yaml__validate
index 4cdf5896d..7f0e5d68d 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/nexmo_com_reports_2_2_2_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/nexmo_com_reports_2_2_2_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "ASR": invalid example: string doesn't match the format "date": string doesn't match pattern "^[0-9]{4}-(0[1-9]|10|11|12)-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])$"
+invalid components: schema "ASR": invalid allOf element: invalid example: string doesn't match the format "date": string doesn't match pattern "^[0-9]{4}-(0[1-9]|10|11|12)-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])$"
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/presalytics_io_story_0_3_1_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/presalytics_io_story_0_3_1_openapi_yaml__validate
index fd329a649..207f7cc0f 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/presalytics_io_story_0_3_1_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/presalytics_io_story_0_3_1_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "session": extra sibling fields: [nullable]
+invalid components: schema "session": invalid allOf element: extra sibling fields: [nullable]
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/scideas_net_regression_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/scideas_net_regression_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index f87a13c74..193513dd5 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/scideas_net_regression_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/scideas_net_regression_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "inline_response_200": invalid example: Error at "/0": value must be an object
+invalid components: schema "inline_response_200": invalid oneOf element: invalid example: Error at "/0": value must be an object
 Schema:
   {
     "description": "array of text summaries, one per contributing varible",
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/shipengine_com_1_1_202304191404_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/shipengine_com_1_1_202304191404_openapi_yaml__validate
index c022b9a1e..1fd00f26e 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/shipengine_com_1_1_202304191404_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/shipengine_com_1_1_202304191404_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "address_validating_shipment": invalid example: value must be a string
+invalid components: schema "address_validating_shipment": invalid allOf element: invalid example: value must be a string
 Schema:
   {
     "description": "The National Motor Freight Traffic Association [freight class](http://www.nmfta.org/pages/nmfc?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1), such as \"77.5\", \"110\", or \"250\".\n",
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/sinao_app_1_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/sinao_app_1_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index fe2ae0e6f..86faf7577 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/sinao_app_1_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/sinao_app_1_1_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Invoice": extra sibling fields: [type]
+invalid components: schema "Invoice": invalid allOf element: extra sibling fields: [type]
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/soundcloud_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/soundcloud_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index 414146caa..09444f73a 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/soundcloud_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/soundcloud_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "Activities": extra sibling fields: [description]
+invalid components: schema "Activities": invalid anyOf element: extra sibling fields: [description]
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/spotify_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/spotify_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index 130b71c4a..4f129bd19 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/spotify_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/spotify_com_1_0_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1 +1 @@
-invalid components: schema "AlbumObject": extra sibling fields: [description]
+invalid components: schema "AlbumObject": invalid allOf element: extra sibling fields: [description]
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/vimeo_com_3_4_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/vimeo_com_3_4_openapi_yaml__validate
index 00d1efe17..0232d3085 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/vimeo_com_3_4_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/vimeo_com_3_4_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: schema "activity-3-1": invalid example: value must be a boolean
+invalid components: schema "activity-3-1": invalid allOf element: invalid example: value must be a boolean
 Schema:
   {
     "description": "Whether this picture is the active picture for its parent resource.",
diff --git a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/wiremock_org_admin_2_35_0_openapi_yaml__validate b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/wiremock_org_admin_2_35_0_openapi_yaml__validate
index 3e91e2736..e1b28eca7 100644
--- a/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/wiremock_org_admin_2_35_0_openapi_yaml__validate
+++ b/openapi3/testdata/apis_guru_openapi_directory/wiremock_org_admin_2_35_0_openapi_yaml__validate
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-invalid components: request body "snapshotRecording": invalid example: value must be an object
+invalid components: request body "snapshotRecording": invalid allOf element: invalid example: value must be an object
 Schema:
   {
     "description": "Criteria for extracting response bodies to a separate file instead of including it in the stub mapping",
diff --git a/openapi3/validation_error_context.go b/openapi3/validation_error_context.go
index 3172230a7..50da3dceb 100644
--- a/openapi3/validation_error_context.go
+++ b/openapi3/validation_error_context.go
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@
 //     MediaTypeExampleValidationError, WebhookValidationError,
 //     ParameterFieldValidationError, ParameterExampleValidationError,
 //     SecuritySchemeFlowValidationError, OAuthFlowValidationError,
-//     OAuthFlowFieldValidationError. Cover a specific validation
-//     surface inside a section.
+//     OAuthFlowFieldValidationError, SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError,
+//     TagValidationError. Cover a specific validation surface inside a
+//     section.
 //
 // Both scopes follow the same shape:
 //
@@ -250,3 +251,50 @@ func (e *OAuthFlowFieldValidationError) Error() string {
 }
 
 func (e *OAuthFlowFieldValidationError) Unwrap() error { return e.Cause }
+
+// SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError wraps a validation error
+// originating in one of the sub-schemas listed under a schema's oneOf,
+// anyOf, or allOf keyword. Combinator names which keyword the offending
+// element belongs to ("oneOf", "anyOf", "allOf"). The wrapper adds the
+// combinator scope; the actual failure lives in Cause.
+type SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError struct {
+	// Combinator is the keyword whose element failed ("oneOf", "anyOf",
+	// "allOf").
+	Combinator string
+	Cause      error
+}
+
+func (e *SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError) Error() string {
+	// Collapse a run of same-combinator wrappers so deeply nested
+	// allOf/anyOf/oneOf does not stutter "invalid allOf element: " once per
+	// nesting level. The typed chain is untouched (Unwrap and errors.As still
+	// see every level); only the rendered message drops the repeats. A run of
+	// a different combinator is preserved, so an allOf inside a oneOf still
+	// shows both scopes.
+	cause := e.Cause
+	for {
+		inner, ok := cause.(*SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError)
+		if !ok || inner.Combinator != e.Combinator {
+			break
+		}
+		cause = inner.Cause
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("invalid %s element: %v", e.Combinator, cause)
+}
+
+func (e *SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError) Unwrap() error { return e.Cause }
+
+// TagValidationError wraps a validation error originating inside a single
+// tag in the document-root Tags list. Name is the tag's `name:` value, so
+// callers can tell which tag failed without parsing the rendered message.
+type TagValidationError struct {
+	// Name is the tag's `name:` value.
+	Name  string
+	Cause error
+}
+
+func (e *TagValidationError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("tag %q: %v", e.Name, e.Cause)
+}
+
+func (e *TagValidationError) Unwrap() error { return e.Cause }
diff --git a/openapi3/validation_error_test.go b/openapi3/validation_error_test.go
index 56bafef8a..455a65cdf 100644
--- a/openapi3/validation_error_test.go
+++ b/openapi3/validation_error_test.go
@@ -2067,6 +2067,88 @@ func TestValidationError_InvalidSerializationMethod_MediaType_OriginNilWithoutLo
 	require.Nil(t, isme.Origin)
 }
 
+func TestValidationError_SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		combinator string
+		yaml       string
+	}{
+		{"oneOf", "      oneOf:\n        - type: foobar\n"},
+		{"anyOf", "      anyOf:\n        - type: foobar\n"},
+		{"allOf", "      allOf:\n        - type: foobar\n"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.combinator, func(t *testing.T) {
+			doc := loadDocFromYAML(t, `
+openapi: 3.0.3
+info: { title: t, version: "1" }
+paths: {}
+components:
+  schemas:
+    Bad:
+`+tc.yaml)
+			err := doc.Validate(context.Background())
+			require.Error(t, err)
+
+			var scve *openapi3.SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError
+			require.True(t, errors.As(err, &scve))
+			require.Equal(t, tc.combinator, scve.Combinator)
+			require.Contains(t, scve.Error(), "invalid "+tc.combinator+" element")
+			// Unwrap reaches the typed inner leaf.
+			var ste *openapi3.SchemaTypeError
+			require.True(t, errors.As(err, &ste))
+			require.Equal(t, "foobar", ste.Type)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidationError_SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError_NoStutter(t *testing.T) {
+	leaf := errors.New("boom")
+
+	// A run of same-combinator wrappers renders the prefix once, not per level.
+	var nested error = leaf
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		nested = &openapi3.SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError{Combinator: "allOf", Cause: nested}
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid allOf element: boom", nested.Error())
+
+	// The typed chain is untouched: every wrapper level is still walkable.
+	levels := 0
+	for e := nested; e != nil; e = errors.Unwrap(e) {
+		if _, ok := e.(*openapi3.SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError); ok {
+			levels++
+		}
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, 5, levels, "Unwrap must still see every wrapper level")
+
+	// A run of a different combinator is preserved (allOf inside oneOf).
+	mixed := &openapi3.SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError{
+		Combinator: "oneOf",
+		Cause:      &openapi3.SchemaCombinatorElementValidationError{Combinator: "allOf", Cause: leaf},
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, "invalid oneOf element: invalid allOf element: boom", mixed.Error())
+}
+
+func TestValidationError_TagValidationError(t *testing.T) {
+	doc := loadDocFromYAML(t, `
+openapi: 3.0.3
+info: { title: t, version: "1" }
+paths: {}
+tags:
+  - name: pet
+    externalDocs:
+      url: ""
+`)
+	err := doc.Validate(context.Background())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	var tve *openapi3.TagValidationError
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &tve))
+	require.Equal(t, "pet", tve.Name)
+	require.Contains(t, tve.Error(), `tag "pet"`)
+	// Unwrap reaches the typed inner leaf.
+	var edr *openapi3.ExternalDocsURLRequired
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &edr))
+}
+
 func loadDocFromYAML(t *testing.T, src string) *openapi3.T {
 	t.Helper()
 	loader := openapi3.NewLoader()