How can I control Doom Emacs to decode and encode both ISO-LATIN-1 (e.g., Spanish) and UTF-8 (English)?

[touxstone]

I confirm that...

• I searched the FAQ, issue tracker, discussions board, documentation, and wiki, and did not find an answer to my question.

• Any discussions with or conclusions derived from the use of LLMs will be omitted from my question.

What is your question?

I am using this software DOOMEMACS in English and Spanish (ISO-LATIN-1 and UTF-8). When I copy and paste content from the internet or my inbox into a scratch.org buffer, Emacs recognizes the default UTF-8 encoding only when I right-click on the mouse. Using the keybinding C-y (yank) saves it as raw text and does not recognize characters like á, é, ñ, etc. I can't re-code it as UTF-8 without correcting each character individually, such as \242 = ó, \240 = á. This creates extra work when writing long text blocks. You should have a workaround for this aside from your preference for the mouse. Can you help? Please review my 60 draft patching lines.

;;; === UTF-8 TOTAL - Doom Emacs LIMPIO ===
;;; En ~/.config/doom/config.el

;; 1. GLOBAL: UTF-8 base (una sola vez)
(set-language-environment "UTF-8")
(prefer-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
(setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
(set-selection-coding-system 'utf-8)
(set-clipboard-coding-system 'utf-8)
(set-keyboard-coding-system 'utf-8)
(set-terminal-coding-system 'utf-8)

;; 2. ANTI-DETECCIÓN for testing later on
;; (setq auto-coding-functions nil)

;; 
(after! org
  (add-hook 'org-mode-hook 
    (lambda ()
      (set-buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
      (set-buffer-multibyte t)  ;; ← ADDED
      ;; Header automático (CORREGIDO)
      (save-excursion
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (unless (looking-at "#\\+coding:")
          (insert "#+coding: utf-8\n\n* "))))))

;; NUEVO: Fix paste Latin-1 to check if...
(defun my/fix-paste-latin1 ()
  (when (eq this-command 'yank)
    (let ((txt (current-kill 0 t)))
      (when (string-match-p "\\\\[0-9]\\{3\\}" txt)
        (insert (decode-coding-string txt 'iso-8859-1))))))
(advice-add 'yank :after #'my/fix-paste-latin1)

;; Atajo emergencia
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c u") 
  (lambda()(interactive)
    (set-buffer-multibyte t)
    (set-buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
    (save-buffer)))

;;;; A helper to create eventual org scratchs 
(defun bh-make-org-scratch ()
  (interactive)
  (let ((scratch-file "/tmp/publish/scratch.org"))
    (gnus-make-directory "/tmp/publish")
    (when (file-exists-p scratch-file) (delete-file scratch-file))
    (find-file scratch-file)
    (my/org-utf8-setup)  ; reutiliza función limpia
    (org-mode)
    ;; Tecla local C-c y para pegar bien
    (local-set-key (kbd "C-c y") 
      (lambda()(interactive)(insert (gui-get-selection "CLIPBOARD"))))))

System information

No response

[panchoh]

Consider using GNU Recode to transform all files en masse to UTF-8 (and back, if you really need that legacy encoding).
Also, verify that your environment is configured with an UTF-8 locale.