diff --git a/core/layers/throttle/src/lib.rs b/core/layers/throttle/src/lib.rs
index 3e8d7b644d64..a4bbdce18d06 100644
--- a/core/layers/throttle/src/lib.rs
+++ b/core/layers/throttle/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
 #![deny(missing_docs)]
 
+use std::future::Future;
 use std::num::NonZeroU32;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -32,6 +33,33 @@ use governor::state::NotKeyed;
 use opendal_core::raw::*;
 use opendal_core::*;
 
+/// ThrottleRateLimiter abstracts a rate-limit primitive used by
+/// [`ThrottleLayer`].
+pub trait ThrottleRateLimiter: Send + Sync + Clone + Unpin + 'static {
+    /// Block until `n` units of capacity are available.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error when the request can never be satisfied, for
+    /// example when `n` exceeds the limiter's burst/capacity.
+    fn until_n_ready(&self, n: NonZeroU32) -> impl Future<Output = Result<()>> + MaybeSend;
+}
+
+/// Share an atomic RateLimiter instance across all threads in one operator.
+/// If want to add more observability in the future, replace the default NoOpMiddleware with other middleware types.
+/// Read more about [Middleware](https://docs.rs/governor/latest/governor/middleware/index.html)
+pub type SharedRateLimiter =
+    Arc<RateLimiter<NotKeyed, InMemoryState, DefaultClock, NoOpMiddleware>>;
+
+impl ThrottleRateLimiter for SharedRateLimiter {
+    async fn until_n_ready(&self, n: NonZeroU32) -> Result<()> {
+        self.as_ref().until_n_ready(n).await.map_err(|_| {
+            Error::new(
+                ErrorKind::RateLimited,
+                "burst size is smaller than the request size",
+            )
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 /// Add a bandwidth rate limiter to the underlying services.
 ///
 /// # Throttle
@@ -67,12 +95,11 @@ use opendal_core::*;
 /// # }
 /// ```
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct ThrottleLayer {
-    bandwidth: NonZeroU32,
-    burst: NonZeroU32,
+pub struct ThrottleLayer<L: ThrottleRateLimiter = SharedRateLimiter> {
+    rate_limiter: L,
 }
 
-impl ThrottleLayer {
+impl ThrottleLayer<SharedRateLimiter> {
     /// Create a new `ThrottleLayer` with given bandwidth and burst.
     ///
     /// - bandwidth: the maximum number of bytes allowed to pass through per second.
@@ -80,43 +107,65 @@ impl ThrottleLayer {
     pub fn new(bandwidth: u32, burst: u32) -> Self {
         assert!(bandwidth > 0);
         assert!(burst > 0);
-        Self {
-            bandwidth: NonZeroU32::new(bandwidth).unwrap(),
-            burst: NonZeroU32::new(burst).unwrap(),
-        }
+        let bandwidth = NonZeroU32::new(bandwidth).unwrap();
+        let burst = NonZeroU32::new(burst).unwrap();
+        let rate_limiter = Arc::new(RateLimiter::direct(
+            Quota::per_second(bandwidth).allow_burst(burst),
+        ));
+        Self { rate_limiter }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<L: ThrottleRateLimiter> ThrottleLayer<L> {
+    /// Create a layer with any [`ThrottleRateLimiter`] implementation.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use std::num::NonZeroU32;
+    /// # use std::sync::Arc;
+    /// # use governor::Quota;
+    /// # use governor::RateLimiter;
+    /// # use opendal_layer_throttle::SharedRateLimiter;
+    /// # use opendal_layer_throttle::ThrottleLayer;
+    /// let limiter: SharedRateLimiter = Arc::new(RateLimiter::direct(
+    ///     Quota::per_second(NonZeroU32::new(1024).unwrap())
+    ///         .allow_burst(NonZeroU32::new(1024 * 1024).unwrap()),
+    /// ));
+    /// let _layer = ThrottleLayer::with_limiter(limiter);
+    /// ```
+    pub fn with_limiter(rate_limiter: L) -> Self {
+        Self { rate_limiter }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A: Access> Layer<A> for ThrottleLayer {
-    type LayeredAccess = ThrottleAccessor<A>;
+impl<A: Access, L: ThrottleRateLimiter> Layer<A> for ThrottleLayer<L> {
+    type LayeredAccess = ThrottleAccessor<A, L>;
 
     fn layer(&self, inner: A) -> Self::LayeredAccess {
-        let rate_limiter = Arc::new(RateLimiter::direct(
-            Quota::per_second(self.bandwidth).allow_burst(self.burst),
-        ));
         ThrottleAccessor {
             inner,
-            rate_limiter,
+            rate_limiter: self.rate_limiter.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// Share an atomic RateLimiter instance across all threads in one operator.
-/// If want to add more observability in the future, replace the default NoOpMiddleware with other middleware types.
-/// Read more about [Middleware](https://docs.rs/governor/latest/governor/middleware/index.html)
-type SharedRateLimiter = Arc<RateLimiter<NotKeyed, InMemoryState, DefaultClock, NoOpMiddleware>>;
-
 #[doc(hidden)]
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct ThrottleAccessor<A: Access> {
+pub struct ThrottleAccessor<A: Access, L: ThrottleRateLimiter> {
     inner: A,
-    rate_limiter: SharedRateLimiter,
+    rate_limiter: L,
 }
 
-impl<A: Access> LayeredAccess for ThrottleAccessor<A> {
+impl<A: Access, L: ThrottleRateLimiter> std::fmt::Debug for ThrottleAccessor<A, L> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("ThrottleAccessor")
+            .field("inner", &self.inner)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A: Access, L: ThrottleRateLimiter> LayeredAccess for ThrottleAccessor<A, L> {
     type Inner = A;
-    type Reader = ThrottleWrapper<A::Reader>;
-    type Writer = ThrottleWrapper<A::Writer>;
+    type Reader = ThrottleWrapper<A::Reader, L>;
+    type Writer = ThrottleWrapper<A::Writer, L>;
     type Lister = A::Lister;
     type Deleter = A::Deleter;
 
@@ -152,27 +201,24 @@ impl<A: Access> LayeredAccess for ThrottleAccessor<A> {
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-pub struct ThrottleWrapper<R> {
+pub struct ThrottleWrapper<R, L> {
     inner: R,
-    limiter: SharedRateLimiter,
+    limiter: L,
 }
 
-impl<R> ThrottleWrapper<R> {
-    fn new(inner: R, rate_limiter: SharedRateLimiter) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            inner,
-            limiter: rate_limiter,
-        }
+impl<R, L> ThrottleWrapper<R, L> {
+    fn new(inner: R, limiter: L) -> Self {
+        Self { inner, limiter }
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: oio::Read> oio::Read for ThrottleWrapper<R> {
+impl<R: oio::Read, L: ThrottleRateLimiter> oio::Read for ThrottleWrapper<R, L> {
     async fn read(&mut self) -> Result<Buffer> {
         self.inner.read().await
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: oio::Write> oio::Write for ThrottleWrapper<R> {
+impl<R: oio::Write, L: ThrottleRateLimiter> oio::Write for ThrottleWrapper<R, L> {
     async fn write(&mut self, bs: Buffer) -> Result<()> {
         let len = bs.len();
         if len == 0 {
@@ -189,12 +235,7 @@ impl<R: oio::Write> oio::Write for ThrottleWrapper<R> {
         let buf_length =
             NonZeroU32::new(len as u32).expect("len is non-zero so NonZeroU32 must exist");
 
-        self.limiter.until_n_ready(buf_length).await.map_err(|_| {
-            Error::new(
-                ErrorKind::RateLimited,
-                "burst size is smaller than the request size",
-            )
-        })?;
+        self.limiter.until_n_ready(buf_length).await?;
 
         self.inner.write(bs).await
     }