feat(table): add remaining metadata tables to Table.Inspect

[fallintoplace]

Background

Table.Inspect was introduced in #1465 with the history metadata table and extended in #1476 with snapshots.

The original PRs describe this subsystem as mirroring the Java, PyIceberg, and Rust clients. This issue tracks the next metadata tables and keeps the related work together.

Already implemented

• history (#1465)
• snapshots (#1476)

Current related PRs

• refs (#1695)
• metadata_log_entries (#1696)
• manifests (#1697)
• data_files (#1698)
• delete_files (#1699)
• entries (#1700)
• partitions (#1701)

The data_files PR has shared code used by some of the other tables, so I think it should land first. The dependent PRs can then be rebased and reviewed with smaller diffs.

References

• Iceberg table specification
• Metadata table examples and columns
• Java metadata table types

Other metadata tables can be added here later.