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How to Install Docker Engine on Debian / Ubuntu

This guide provides step-by-step instructions for installing Docker Engine on a Debian-based system using Docker's official repository. This is the recommended method as it ensures you get the latest and most stable version.

Step 1: Set Up the Docker Repository

Next, configure your system to download packages from the official Docker repository instead of the default Debian repository.

a. Update the package index and install dependencies:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl

b. Add Docker’s official GPG key:

This step ensures that the packages you download are authentic.

sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings && \
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc && \
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

c. Add the repository to your APT sources:

This command automatically detects your Debian version and sets up the repository accordingly.

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Step 2: Install Docker Engine

Now you can install the latest version of Docker Engine and its related components.

a. Update the package index again:

sudo apt-get update

b. Install Docker Engine, CLI, Containerd, and Compose plugin:

The docker-compose-plugin package provides the docker compose command.

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Step 3: Verify the Installation ✅

Run the hello-world image to confirm that Docker Engine is installed and running correctly.

sudo docker run hello-world

If the installation was successful, you will see a "Hello from Docker!" message in your terminal.

Step 4 (Optional): Manage Docker as a Non-root User

To avoid typing sudo every time you run a Docker command, add your user to the docker group.

a. Create the docker group (if it doesn't already exist):

sudo groupadd docker

b. Add your user to the docker group:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Important: You need to log out and log back in for this change to take effect. Alternatively, you can run newgrp docker in your current terminal session to activate the new group membership.

After this, you can run Docker commands directly (e.g., docker ps).